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Ernest Hemingway
POLITICAL CLIMATE
Stalin was ‘content that Germany was being kept busy with Spain rather than concentrating on its efforts in Eastern Europe.'
WOMEN IN AMERICA BETWEEN 1930-40
‘a woman put her talents to their best use in the domestic environs of her family'
‘the revolutionary message, for peace, for liberty and for socialism.'
‘the female must stand firm in her role as moral model[…]"Women can civilize a society and men cannot." […] society could not survive, however, without women serving as a civilizing force.'
HEMINGWAY
The views of author are reflected in For Whom the Bell Tolls
Mutable: liable to change
The Oxford English Dictionary
‘That was probably why the Communists were always cracking down on Bohemianism. When you were drunk or when you committed either fornication or adultery you recognized your own personal fallibility of that so mutable substitute for the apostle’s creed, the party line.'
‘But neither bull force nor bull courage lasted, she knew now, and what did last? I last, she thought. Yes, I have lasted. But for what? (Hemingway, 2005, 198)’
’”But are there not many Fascists in your country?”
“There are many who do not know they are fascists but will find it out when the time comes.”
“But you cannot destroy them until they rebel?”
“No, […] But we can educate the people so that they will fear fascism and recognize it as it appears and combat it.”’
(Hemingway, 2005, 216)
‘I love thee as I love all we have fought for. I love thee as I love liberty and dignity and the rights of all men to work and not be hungry[…] I love thee as I love what I love most in the world'
‘why should you not have as good food as could be organized when you came back from something like this?’
(Hemingway, 2005, 171)
(Hemingway, 2005, 237)
(Hemingway, 2005, 361)
A vessel by which to showcase the American Dream
The American Dream is an impossibility without many working for the same purpose
‘You believe in Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. You believe in Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness[…] If this war is lost, all of those things are lost'
(Hemingway, 2005, 315)
Clean, concise, sparse
The tone is set by John Donne's Poem and is oppressive yet hopeful. The tone and story a cyclical, like the poem. More than this the tone is formal and it is dialogue driven and spoken in formal spanish.
“Hemingway puts his emphasis on nouns because, among other parts of speech, they come closest to things. Stringing them along by means of conjunctions, he approximates the actual flow of experience."
“What many another writer would be content to leave in massive proportions, I polish into a tiny gem.”
[sic]"No man is an Iland,
intire of it selfe;
every man is a peece of the Continent,
a part of the maine;
if a Clod bee washed away by the Sea,
Europe is the lesse,
as well as if a Promontorie were,
as well as if a Mannor of thy friends
or of thine owne were;
any mans death diminishes me,
because I am involved in Mankinde;
And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls;
It tolls for thee"
For Whom the Bell Tolls is set in the Spanish Sierra in 1937 when the Spanish Civil War had come to a stalemate. The guerrilla band is located high in the mountains planning an attack. This means powerful earthy imagery can be used to describe emotion. Also, the war means comments about society can be made easily
Hemingway, 2005, 2
The 'code hero' of Hemingway's writing
"The horses made him rich and as soon as he was rich he wanted to enjoy life"
Hemingway, 2005, 19
"'And you have no fear?'
'Not to die,' he said truly.
'But other fears?'
'Only of not doing my duty as I should.'"
(Hemingway, 2005, 96)
"You do not know how he was before; but you know that he is going bad fast and without hiding it."
Hemingway, 2005, 19
The Symbol of the unblemished Spain
"'Something barbarous [...] But brave. A hundred times braver than Pablo."'
Hemingway, 2005, 28
"'Am I thy woman now?'
'Yes, Maria. Yes, my little rabbit.'"
(Hemingway, 2005, 76)
Hemingway, 2005, 32