Ch 5.1: Socio

What is a social group?

Levels of engagement can differ between different social groups.

The following can

all influence how

an individual engages

with sport;

FIVE Social Groups

- Gender

- Ethnicity (Race, Religion & Culture)

- Age

- Family, Friends & Peers

- Disability

Factors Affecting Participation

Barrier to participation: An obstacle that prevents or reduces

a group within society's level of participating in physical activity

• Attitudes
• Role models
• Accessibility
• Media coverage
• Sexism / Stereotyping
• Culture / Religious festival
• Family commitments
• Available leisure time
• Familiarity
• Education
• Disposable income
• Adaptability/ Inclusiveness

What type of barriers can this be?

Gender

- Stereotypical views:

• Women lack strength to do what men can do
• Women who are competitive are not feminine
• Too much physical activity limits a woman's ability to give birth
• Women who train hard become 'butch' or 'male-like'
• Woman's role is to be the carer, mother and manager of the home

- Sport is male-dominated

- Media coverage:

• Less of it / not relevant as focuses on their personal life / appearance

- Role models: Less female role models in sport than men

- Money: Less funding, salaries, sponsorship, prize money

- Less support from peers/family

- Facilities for women have developed slower than those for males

Ethnicity

An ethnic group is a social group that shares the same cultural traditions or religion.

How can this social group have significant influence on an individual's sporting participation?

The imbalance in level of participation in sport and at elite level are due to a range of factors; There is no single one reason.

Sprinter Tahmna Kohistani has to wear impractical clothing in order to be allowed to compete in her event.

Jonathan Edwards refused to train or compete on Sundays Due to religious beliefs. It cost him the chance to take part in 1991 World Championships.

How might ethnicity affect participation?

- Engagement Patterns:

Limited to sports that are traditionally associated with their culture

- Many people from ethnic minority groups are also in lower socio-economic groups: Less disposable income

- Cultural and religious traditions e.g. fasting

- Some cultures dress codes make participation more challenging

- Racial stereotyping

Yuri Foreman will not train or compete during sabbath.

Ethnicity (Race, Religion & Culture)

Age

Post-School Drop Out: The reduction in participation levels in young adult after they leave full-time education.

Physically active lifestyle provides all

ages with opportunities. How?

How does this photo and PSDP link to lack participation of in sport?

Family, Friends & Peers

Disability

A physical or mental impairment that has substantial that limits a person's movements, senses or activities.

There are 3 main categories of impairments;

1. Mobility

2. Sensory

3. Mental

Barriers

Coaches: Limited number of experienced & fully qualified coaches

Facilities: Not all have been fully adapted

Travel: Problematic as they may be reliant on disability benefits

Media coverage: Achievements of sportspeople with disabilities are beginning to be recognized and celebrated.

OUTCOME: This INSPIRES others to get involved

'Inspire a generation'

Socio-Cultural

Influences

1) Role models; Media coverage; Low cost participation; Others

2) Accepted role within culture; Socio-economics, Lack of role models / media coverage; Low status in culture; Clothing / culture restrictions; Others

3) Lack of facilities; Lack of disposable income; Lack of role models; Negative attitudes.

4) Family commitments; Lack of familiarity with activity: Sexism lack of leisure time

5) Increased media coverage; Increased ease of access / more opportunities; Education / health reasons; Role models etc.

1) Suggest reasons for the high percentage of ethnic

minority England Footballers.

2) Suggest reasons for the low participation rates

of Indian Women.

3) Suggest four factors that affect participation

of disabled people.

4) Suggest four factors that affect participation of women.

5) Suggest four reasons why women's participation

numbers are increasing.

What is your understanding of these terms:

- Role Model

- Integration

- Adapted Sports

- Discrimination