The Cold War: the Philipines,

The Cold War: the Philippines, Endonesia, & Macronesia

By: Abby Bowcut, Makayla Pieper, & LaNaria Allen

The Philippines

Indonesia

Indonesia

Effects: :

• After the rebellion, the U.S. realized that Indonesian leaders including Sukarno were not pro-communist. It led the U.S. to change its policy to one of support for Indonesian independence.
• Although the Cold War ended with the fall of the communist bloc in 1990, the patterns still continue and shape relations between the two countries.

Practices:

• rebellion by the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) in Madiun on Sept. 18, 1948.
• Sukarno positioned Indonesia as a non-aligned country, but at the same time played on antagonistic U.S.-Soviet relations to promote Indonesia's interests.
• Kennedy approved a $17 million loan to Indonesia, beside spare parts and raw materials aid.

Micronesia

Practices

Effects

• Because of the left over radiation from the nuclear colonial period, to this day many in the Marshall Islands continue to suffer from cancer, miscarriages, and tumors.

• Some of the Marshal islands have been rendered inhabitable because of nuclear test bombing during nuclear colonial period.

Effects

Micronesia

Causes

• Because of Japan’s actions in WWII the Marshal Island became a trust territory of United States by mandate of the League of Nations.

• Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by United States

Sources

Indonesia

Causes:

• The Philippines joined the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (1954).
• The Philippines gained their independance from the U.S. in 1946
• The Philippines became an American ally to the developing Cold War
• The U.S. and the Philippines signed a military assistance pact in 1947
• The Philippines gave the U.S. a 99-year lease on military, naval, and air bases. This was later reduced to a 25 year period begining in 1967.
• A military dictatorship led by Marcos and supplied by the U.S. delayed the development of a democratic process for over a decade
• Considerable anti-Americanism entered Filipino political discourse. The major issues involved seemed to have been the military bases.
• The bases were an important contribution to the Philippines economy, but apparently offended Filipino political sensibilities. The United States formally recognized full Philippine sovereignty over the bases (1956).

Micronesia

Practices

• nuclear colonialism – the taking (or destruction) of natural resources, lands, and wellbeing of a nation for mother nation’s furtherance of nuclear development

• Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by US

• The Nuclear History of Micronesia and the Pacific

by Richard N. Salvador, Republic of Belau, August 1999

• http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/outlinecoldwar.htm
• Wikipedia contributors. "Insurgency of the Communist Party of the Philippines." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 17 Feb. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
• Wikipedia contributors. "Philippines–United States relations." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 12 Feb. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
• Wikipedia contributors. "Communist Party of the Philippines." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 25 Jan. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014
• Wikipedia contributors. "New People's Army." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 18 Feb. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.

• Communist Insurgency
• The CPP (Communist Party of the Philippines) was developed in 1968.
• The NPA (New Peoples Army) was developed in 1969. They were strong allies with the CPP.
• The NPA collects from business owners in areas where it operates. This includes mining and logging operations. The Communist Party of the Philippines refers to the NPA as "the tax enforcement agency of the people's revolutionary government."
• In 1986, a popular uprising led by Mrs. Aquino, the widow of the leading dissident, and assisted by the army, led by General Ramos, a West Point graduate.

Causes:

• After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed Aug. 17, 1945, the Truman administration attempted to bring Indonesia under Western control.
• As the fifth-largest country in the world with abundant natural resources and a strategic location, Indonesia became a power in Asia with great potential.
• If Indonesia fell into the hands of the communists it would jeopardize U.S. interests in the continent. But U.S. policy led to communist influence growing rapidly in Indonesia

• Many people died during the Cold War in the Philippines. An estimated 6,970-9,366 people died during the conflicts between the Philippine Government and the CPP/NPA
• The Dictatorship led by Marcos was overthrown by Mrs. Aquino and General Ramos
• The U.S. maintained and operated many Philippine bases for many years until the Philippines kicked them out in 1992.
• The Philippines and the U.S. relations have improved and broadeded immensely since then.