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“As for Muslim women, so lovely in their theatrical costume or their Madonna Like attire, so divinely mysterious under their white haik, they would lose something of their great houri beauty if they were squeezed in a dark European dress. While a French woman is more attractive in a Muslim garb, a Muslim woman dressed as a French woman is plainer. Everybody can see that”

“Whatever costume he wears, the Arab, so sociable, so respectful of the given word, so generous, so hospitable, must not be treated like an enemy when he can be such a precious ally in making Algeria… That is why, if not for friendship then for self-interest, to benefit fully from Algeria, the French should make Arabs their associates and their equals”

Impact on education & language:

  • Colonized education
  • Post-Independence
  • Literacy Rates - definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  • Official language is Arabic

Ceaseless Consequences

  • Algeria produced cash crops exported mainly to France; mineral resources were also exploited.
  • Algerians were forced to move to the Mountainous terrain while European colonies occupied their fertile lands.
  • Algerians were forced to work for Europeans to make ends meet.
  • Algerians were inferior; suffered loss of status, subservience and poverty.
  • Traditional and religious education- eliminated and replaced with Christian French education
  • Algerians got their Independence in 1962.

The "cleansing" of Algeria

Impact on the Algerian Women & Feminist Movement

  • Not allowed to vote
  • Rise in prostitution
  • French- used tropes to persuade women to abandon the FLN
  • FLN- 2% of women active in combat roles
  • Frances promise to leave Islamic culture alone
  • “well-meaning” western women

  • 1870 Cremieux Decree: Jewish minority were issued French citizenship. Muslim majority had to give up their religion and culture to obtain citizenship to their own country.
  • The entire Muslim population was punished.
  • Women were made to think they were oppressed,(this pathetic theme is still played on today).
  • Differing views of feminism used as a military tactic
  • Systematic sexism varies in degree in all cultures

So what did the Algerians do?

  • Put up resistance to French (FLN)
  • Abd al Qadir
  • Algeria's hero was defeated in 1847
  • By 1955, France had killed/arrested most of the founders of FLN.
  • In 1956, there was a "maintenance of order".
  • On September 30, 1956, three women working for FLN planted bombs in three separate locations in Algiers. These bombs marked the battle of Algiers which lasted until 1957.
  • Paras were sent to "safegaurd" the territory.
  • Use of torture to discover the bombing network.

A brief history of the war

  • 1830-continued French occupation of Algiers
  • Large influx of Europeans, mainly of peasant farmer or working class origins from southern areas of Italy, Spain and France, into Algiers.
  • Redistribution of land
  • French destroyed villages, mosques, and even cemeteries. Yes, they disturbed the living, and the dead.
  • Algerians were made automatic French subjects but not given French citizenship (loss-loss situation).

Why did the French colonize Algeria?

  • France had an outstanding debt to Algeria and refused to pay it.
  • The "fly whisk incident" in 1827
  • French blockade of Algiers lasted three years.
  • French monarchy saw this as a way to enhance their declining prestige
  • When you are a powerful country, you can get away with anything.

French colonization of Algeria

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