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Atoms and their Interactions
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Covalent Bonds
Atoms and Their Interactions
when atoms share electrons,the force that holds them together is a covalent bond (the attraction of the positively charged nucleus for the negatively charged, shared electrons.
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Compound
Molecule - a group of atoms held together by a covalent bond
a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.
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nucleus
Nucleus - the center
of the atom
The Structure of an Atom
Salt, for example, is a compound made
up of sodium and chlorine
Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen
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Atoms share electrons in order to fill their outermost energy levels. This makes them stable.
Protons - postively
charged particles
in the nucleus
What holds compound together?
Neutrons - particles
in the nucleus that
have NO charge
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Elements
Electrons - negatively
charged particles that
surround the nucleus
in energy levels
Ionic Bonds
Atoms contain equal numbers of electrons and protons; therefore they have no net charge.
Sometimes, atoms combine
by gaining or losing electrons in
the outer energy level creating
an electrical charge. This is
called an ion.
However, sometimes atoms of the SAME element will have different numbers of neutrons. These are called isotopes.
Everything is made of elements. Elements are substances that can't be broken down into smaller substances.
What are elements made of?
Atoms
Atoms are the smallest
particles of an element that
still have all of the properties
of the element.