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Early Career

Zola

Interest in Theatre and Zola:

Naturalism

Brahm’s writings could be best summed up in the words “true” and “genuine” and he also believed that the stage should be a “mirror and chronicle the times”

The Deutsches Theater

Otto Brahm &

The Freie Buhne

Late Career

Brahm referred to Zola’s realism as “literary horrors” and “brutal orgies of naturalism”.

Freie Buhne's Journal

1894

Brahm took over as manager and director of the Deutsches Theater in Berlin.

Critic

Brahm began to view theatre not just as literature, but as something that needs to be judged in accordance with the specific laws of the stage.

The Lessing Theater

1904

Brahm resigned from the Deutsches theater and became director of the Lessing theater.

Beginnings of the Journal

1890

The End of Brahm

Otto Brahm

Titles and Editors

Freie Buhne fur modernes Leben - Otto Brahm

Freie Buhne fur den Entwickelungskampf der Zeit - Otto Brahm

Neue Deutsche Rundschau - Otto Bierbaum

Neue Rundschau - Oskar Bie

- Brahm foresaw the end of his most treasured naturalist plays but he continued to produce them until his death .

-Brahm had cancer and died November 28, 1912 during an emergency surgery in Berlin.

Samuel Fischer

I couldn't find a picture of Bie, but all his friends looked like this

An early edition of Freie Buhne fur modernes Leben

Otto Bierbaum

Neue Rundschau Legacy

100 Years

Neue Rundschau

circa 2012

Neue Rundschau circa 1912

Peter Suhrkamp

Enrolled at the University of Berlin

in 1876 and received his PhD

in Theatre History from

Jena University in 1879

Brahm's Freie Bühne

Naturalistism Objectives

Seeing a production of Ibsen’s

"Pillars of Society" was a pivotal

moment in Brahm’s life,

which introduced an

“initial awareness of a

new poetic world” to him

Brahm was one of ten active members of the Freie Bühne and was elected as the leading arts director for the company.

Brahm wanted drama to focus on reality and the Truth - but within the strict confines of Naturalism. Characters were represented as being trapped in their lives, because their situations were pre-determined. They lacked the freedom of will which typically grants a character personal agency.

Early Life

Freie Buhne

Vor Sonnenaufgang

Gerhart Hauptmann's play, Vor Sonnenaufgang, likely made the largest initial impact for the naturalistic movement in Germany.

Born as Otto Abrahamson

on February 5th, 1856

Your Quiz (you better have listened)

Q: Why did Freie Buhne fur modernes Leben first change its name?

A: The name was too long.

B. The new editor wanted a fresh start with a new name.

C. The name didn’t fit with the journal’s focus.

Q: Which of these German authors of naturalism regularly wrote for Neue Rundschau?

A: Bertolt Brecht.

B. Alfred Doblin.

C. Franz Kafka.

Q. What was the first play that Brahm was an assistant for?

A. Ghosts

B. Hedda Gabler

C. The Power of Darkness

Q. What does naturalism aim at most directly, according to Brahm?

A. Description

B. Action

C. Truth

Q: The active ten members of the Freie Bühne were primarily composed of:

A. Actors

B. Writers and Critics

C. Theatre Owners, Publishers?

Q: The Free Stage primarily performed naturalistic plays about working class individuals for a typically poor, working class audience?

True or False?

Q:What University did Brahm Finally get his PhD from?

A. University of Strasbourg

B. Jena University

C. University of Berlin

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