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GOAL!

HARVESTING

  • Harvesting is the process of gathering mature crops from the fields. The harvest marks the end of the growing season, or the growing cycle for a particular crop.

WEEDING

Weeding is the removal of unwanted plants. It is the botanical component of pest control, which attempts to stop weeds, especially noxious or injurious weeds, from competing with domesticated plants and livestock . A plant is often termed a "weed" when it has one or more of the following characteristics:

Little or no value (as in medicinal, material, nutritional or energy)

Rapid growth and/or ease of germination

Competitive with crops for space, light, water and nutrients

IRRIGATION

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation (process of replanting) of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production, which include protecting plants against frost, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil consolidation.

Sowing And Seed selection

Sowing is the process of planting seeds.Good quality seeds are essential to grow a strong and healthy crop. Healthy seeds can be bought from trusted sources or farmers can produce their own seeds. In that case, seed selection can be used to improve the quality of seeds.Among the major field crops, oats, wheat, and rye are sowed, grasses and legumes are seeded, and maize and soybeans are planted.For hand sowing, several sowing types include:

Flat sowing

Ridge sowing

Wide bed sowing

Applying Fertilizers

Fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soils or to plant tissues (usually leaves) to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.Fertilizers are applied by different methods mainly for 3 purposes:

1. To make the nutrients easily available to crops,

2. To reduce fertilizer losses and

3. for ease of application

Levelling

Levelling the field surface is also important. Even after ploughing, big lumps of soil may remain in the field. These are crushed by using wooden or iron planks called levellers and the process is called levelling.Levelling results in more efficient irrigation. Levelling can be done manually or with machinery.In summary, the main benefits of levelling are:

improved crop establishment,

even water coverage of the field,

even crop stand and maturation,

reduction of weeds by up to 40 % (thereby a 75 % decrease of labour required for weeding),

increase of farming area by 5-7 %,

reduction of farm operation times by 10-15 %,

within rice production, the possibility of changing from planting and transplanting to direct seeding which results in reduced labour of 30 person-days per ha, and

average yield increase of 10- 20 %

STAGES OF AGRICULTURE

Ploughing

The plough is a tool or machine used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil. Ploughs are traditionally drawn by working animals such as horses or cattle, but in modern times may be drawn by tractors. The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface.Plowing and cultivating a soil modifies the upper 12 to 25 cm of the soil to form a plow layer. It helps in removal of weeds. it also helps the soil to mix well with the fertilizers.

Soil Preparation

Prior to planting, the soil needs to be prepared. Soil is the main medium in which plant grows. soil preparation involves ploughing , levelling and applying fertilizers.

AGRICULTURE

By : Sudipta Vinod Kumar

8 - D

Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, and other life forms for food, fiber, medicinals and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.Agriculture is not only growing food for people and animals, but also growing other things like flowers, ornamental plants (plants people use to improve the look of their homes) and nursery plants (plants people buy to grow food on their own farms and land), manure or dung, animal hides (skins or furs).

Stages Of Agriculture

A farmer performs following major steps from soil preparation to harvesting:

1.Soil preparation

2.Selection and sowing of seeds

3.Adding manures and fertilizers

4.Irrigation

5.Weeding and crop protection

6.Harvesting and storage

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