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Stratigraphy

Examples of non-written records

Using this method, archaeologists

determine the date of artefacts by

counting

the layers of earth

Therefore,

the more

layers down the

object is, the older it is

Methods of dating

  • Architecture
  • Pottery
  • Eating utensils
  • Art
  • Everyday tools

These are known as artefacts

The Archaeologist

Dendrochronology

Carbon 14

A method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree rings

Dating an artefact by measuring the amount of carbon-14 it possesses

Artefacts

An artefact is an object made by a human that is usually of archaeological interest

What is an archaeologist?

  • Archaeology means 'the study of ancient things'

  • An archaeologist studies the past by finding and studying the remains and artefacts left by people long ago

The dig

How is this different to a historian?

Once a site of interest has been found it is fenced off and divided into sections

These sections are numbered and lettered so that finds can be recorded accurately

ex: a spearhead was found at section C3

Where do digs take place?

What next?

Archaeologists may dig anywhere that there is evidence of civilisation:

  • Ruins of old buildings
  • Old maps may show sites of buildings that are no longer there
  • Aerial photography can show strange features of the landscape that may be missed at ground-level
  • Luck: discovering an artefact by accident may lead to a dig

Tools

When an artefact is found it must be recorded, labeled, packed away and classified

It is then sent to a lab for testing

Archaeologists use a variety of tools while digging such as:

  • shovels
  • trowels
  • buckets
  • brushes
  • sieves

Historians study the past through written documents

(remember primary and secondary resources??)

but

archaeologists use non-written records to understand people from the past

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