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Caudillos in Latin America and Mexico
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Transcript
Caudillos (1820s-1870s)
- Latin American military dictator that used force instead of democratic means
- power depended on control over armed followers
- negotiated with social actors and local elites
- legitimacy of Caudillo rule was in doubt - power based on violence/personal relationships
- Caudillos put forward practices of political modernity/traditional conservative roles
Juan Manuel de Rosas
José Gervasio Artigas
- Dictatorial governor of Argentina (1835-52)
- Wealthy cattle ranch heir
- Professed to be federalist yet was a centralist
- Became dictator by being a military leader and governor
- Ruthless tyranny
- Popular with ranchers but overthrown by creole elite
- Lived modestly and died in poverty
Juan Vicente Gomez
- father of Uruguayan independence
- Caudillo who set out to protect his homeland and the rights of the natives
- defended his territory north of the Rio de la Plata from Buenos Aires as well as Portuguese encroachment
- culminated in the foundation of Uruguay
General Antonio López de Santa Anna
- Caudillo of Venezuela
- Led his men in support of Cipriani Castro
- Congress conferred on him the title of El Benemérito
- reputed to have been wealthiest man in South America
- created effective program of public works and administration which brought financial stability to Venezuela
- managed to eliminate all foreign indebtedness
- Fought with the Spanish royal service
- Later switched to independence in 1821
- Positioned himself as the "savior of Mexico"
- Left public service during times of unfavorable political climate
- Secured the presidency for the 11th time in 1853.
- Died 1876
Fun Fact: Fathered somewhere between 80 to 100 children
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