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By: Katelyn Berrong

This is the process by which gases absorb the radiation and trap it inside the atmosphere. This causes the average surface temperature to rise.

Effects of global climate change

Changes in Biota

Major types of fuel

Temperature and precipitation

Climate change is expected to have both a direct and indirect impact on biota.

Photochemical Smog

Specific Example

Causes of global climate change

The rate at which temperatures are rising ard the world is increasing.

Marine life:

  • Product of automobile and other fossil fuel emissions.
  • Occurs in hot, dry climates.
  • Peaks at midday.
  • Primary pollutant is ozone.
  • Creates dingy, brownish haze.
  • More serious health effects due to ozone.

The climate change, which causes sea temperatures to rise, can have a major effect on sea creatures. This ocean temperature change can negatively affect plankton. If this species is caused to deplete, it can interrupt the whole food chain.

Precipitation:

Global precipitation patterns are changing and being moved in different directions due to the change in climate. A study found that wet climate get wetter and the dry climate get more dry.

Sea level

The EPA regulates many types of air pollution. The main six are ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and lead.

Natural gas: Burns efficiently, cleaner than other fossil fuels, abundant supply, no wastes. Non-renewable, very dangerous, emits CO, contains methane, requires pipelines, has energy penalties.

Oil: Abundant, easy to use, no technology required, easy to transport. Emits carbon dioxide, it is non renewable, lead to spills, endangers the environment, expensive.

Coal: Abundant, local, inexpensive, continuos power. Nonrenewable, contains CO2, severe environmental and health impacts.

Industrial smog

Over the past century, sea levels have risen 4-8 cenimeters but the rate is increasing.

La nina:

  • Occurs in foggy, cool weather.
  • Composed of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter.
  • Creates a gray pallor.
  • Not as harmful to health.
  • Primary by-product is acid rain.
  • Primarily the product of a coal-fueled fire from industries.
  • Peaks early in the morning.

Unlike the El Nino, the La Nina makes ocean water colder than normal. This can also cause rain clouds to form causing more precipitation. These patterns affect the position and intensity of jet streams. It is the cause of weather extremes all over the world.

Changes in global ice:

The climate change has taken a major toll on the glaciers and amount of ice around the world. Glaciers have been shrinking and the amount of ice in rivers is receeding.

El Nino:

Depending on how strong the El Nino is, it can raise sea water temperature. This can dramatically affect the lives of sea creatures. It can also have an impact on agriculture and the water quality.

Carbon offsetting

Kyoto protocol

Carbon offsetting is the process by which you reduce the amount of carbon emissions to "neutralize" the amount of carbon that is being emitted elsewhere.

Renewable Fuel Types

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that sets binding obligations on industrialized countries that reduces the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Many debates have taken place concerning this law. Many are wondering if it is a good treaty to use to combat global warming.

Wave Energy:

  • Consistent power, pollution-free, low operating cost, efficient, shoreline protection, and minimal visual impact.
  • Potential device breakdown, marine life could be affected, high initial costs, reduced sea usage (shipping channels, fishing, and travel), and noise.

Ozone Depletion

Proxy indicators

Wind energy:

Solar energy:

Proxy Indicators are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct measurements. Examples would be ice cores, tree cores, ocean sediment, coral and pollen.

  • Free, renewable, no pollution, limitless supply, has a high potential for a mass amount of energy to be produced.
  • Very location-specific, high initial costs, intermittent source of energy, threat to wildlife, noise, aesthetics.
  • Renewable, abundant, sustainable, reduces electricity costs, environment-friendly, no noise, low maintenence.
  • Expensive, intermittent, uses exotic materials, requires space, storage is expensive.

How it works:

The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone by phasing out the production of numerous substances responsible for the depletion of the ozone.

Ice cores: The layers in the ice indicate climate.

Tree rings and coral: Rings in the tree trunks and coral indicate characteristics of the climate for each time period.

Pollen grains: It is possible to identify plant species from pollen grains. The type of plants depend on the climate conditions at the time.

Ocean sediments: Oxygen isotopes and layers of varve can be examined to determine the climate of the area.

Greenhouse Gases & Effect

Layers of the Atmosphere

Solutions

Ground-level Ozone vs.

Stratospheric Ozone

  • Be aware.
  • Share rides to work and take mass transportation.
  • Conserve energy.
  • Compost.
  • Recycle.
  • Spread the word to help the environment.

Hydropower:

Biofuel:

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation and trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are a few of the major greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

  • Both types have the same chemical composition.
  • Upper ozone layer is meant to protect the earth from harmful rays while the lower layer makes up smog.
  • Both high and low levels of ground level ozone can harm our health.
  • Ground level ozone is considered the "bad" layer because it is harmful to us while stratospheric ozone is the "good" layer.
  • Renewable, green, reliable, adjusting water flow is easy.
  • Environmental impacts, expensive, droughts, limited reservoirs.
  • Less expensive, recycled, not limited to one source, renewability is better, makes the US less dependent on other countries, economic stimulation, causes carbon emissions.
  • Doesn't output as much energy, production causes carbon emissions, high cost to refine, could raise food prices, food shortages, uses a lot of water.

Greenhouse effect:

Percentages of Greenhouse gases.

Global Climate

Change Scrapbook

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