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Transcript

Matter

States of Matter

Phase Changes

Physical Changes

Chemical Changes

Signs of a Chemical Change

The following are signs that a chemical change is happening:

CHANGE IN COLOUR: when leaves change colour in autumn, they are going through a chemical change

CHANGE IN ODOUR: you can tell that an egg is rotten because of the awful odour. A rotting egg is going through a chemical change

A PRECIPITATE FORMS: a precipitate is a solid that forms when certain liquids are mixed together. If you see a precipitate form, you know that a chemical change has occurred.

A GAS IS PRODUCED: when you mix certain substances together, the mixture will begin to bubble. The bubbles are made of a gas that is produced through a chemical change.

Types of Properties

is anything that takes up space and has mass

VOLUME

MASS

is the amount of space that matter takes up

is the amount of matter in an object - matter is made up of tiny particles and since every object is made of particles, every object has mass

which one has a larger volume?

which one has more mass?

is different forms that matter can take on

Liquids

Solids

Gases

Mysterious

Matter

  • a liquid doesn't have a definitive shape
  • it has a definitive volume
  • particles are spread more apart
  • example: ocean

Changes in states of matter are always physical changes because they can be reversed.

For example, you can melt an ice cube (a solid), then freeze the water (a liquid) to turn it back into ice.

  • a gas has no definitive shape or volume
  • particles are very spread apart
  • example: oxygen
  • a solid has a definitive shape and volume
  • it cannot be compressed
  • the particles are compressed
  • example: rock

Another example is cutting an apple into two pieces because you could put the two pieces back together.

are reversible

Properties

  • shape can change
  • volume doesn't change
  • can be thick
  • can be thin
  • can be colourful
  • can be colourless
  • shape can change
  • volume can change
  • can be smelly
  • can be smell-free
  • shape doesn't change
  • volume doesn't change
  • can be hard
  • can be soft
  • can be opaque (cannot see through)
  • can be transparent (can see through)

In a chemical change, a new substance—or more than one new substance—is formed.

For example, if you burn a piece of wood, two new substances are formed: smoke and ash. The smoke and ash cannot be turned back into wood.

are non-reversible

Another example is cooking an egg. You cannot change the egg back into the original raw egg.

absorption of heat

Sublimation

Freezing

Melting

Deposition

release of heat

Is this an absorption or release of heat?

absorption of heat

Evaporation

Condensation

release of heat

soluble

not

soluble

The phase can change depending on pressure and temperature conditions.

honey has a higher viscosity because it resists flowing more than milk does

Freezing Point: the point at which a liquid turns into a solid (ex water in an ice cube tray will turn into ice cubes after the temperature is 0 degrees or lower)

Solubility - how easily a substance dissolves in a liquid

Viscosity - how easily a substance flows

Transparency - how well light passes through a substance

Hardness - how easily an object changes shape

Melting Point: the point at which a solid turns into a liquid (ex melting plastic to be recycled)

if the substance is clear (you can see objects through it) then it is transparent

if light passes through the substance but you cannot see objects through it, it is translucent

if no light passes through the substance it is opaque

a hard object like a rock does not change shape easily

a soft object like a pillow will change shape easily

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