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The Digestive System can be separated into 2 groups...
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The Alimentary System, and the Accessory Structures;
Organs include: Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, and the Large Intestine
Accessory Structures: Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Gallbladder, Liver, and the Pancreas
1. Alimentary system, also called the gastrointestinal tract digests food and absorbs the digested pieces through the lining into the blood.
2. Alimentary Canal, a continuous hollow coiled muscular tube that winds through the body and connects the mouth to the anus.
The walls of the Alimentary Canal organs are made up of the same four basic tissue layers. They are: Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, and Serosa.
The Valves of Houston are located in the rectum. They consist of 3 rectal folds that hold the weight of the feces. They are the Superior, Middle, and Inferior valves. The rectum is approximately 4-7inches.
Sources: BioNaturally Colon Hydro Therapy Guide
Oral Cavity
Formed by the Lips, Cheeks, Tongue, Hard Palate, Soft Palate, and Salivary Glands.
Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth otherwise known as chewing. When food is chewed it is formed into a round mass called a bolus. Then the process of Deglutition begins (swallowing).
Swallowing consists of three stages; Oral Stage (voluntary), Pharyngeal Stage (involuntary), and Esophageal Stage (involuntary).
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The liver is considered a gland, because it has endocrine and exocrine functions. (A gland is a group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, chemicals).
The stomach takes the bolus, with the means of peristaltic actions called mixing waves; the muscular stomach mixes it with gastric juices. The stomach reduces the bolus to a substance called chyme. The pyloric sphincter opens to permit the passage of chyme into the duodenum.
The stomach has two orficies;
Cardia Region, and Pylorus Region.
There are three main parts of the stomach; Fundus, Body, Pylorus.
The stomach is impermable to most substances.Substances that can be absorbed into the stomach are water, alcohol, certain drugs, and electrolytes.
Pharynx
- Foods, fluids, and air all passes through the pharynx.
- Alternating contractions propel the food from the pharynx to the esophagus
- A bolus is passed through the esophagus through Peristaltic Action.
- The Esophagus is a collapsible muscular tube that the Pharynx to the Stomach.
The liver is connected to the small intestine via Hepatic Duct. The liver creates bile, stores glucose, emulsified fats, forms blood plasma proteins, and detoxification of alcohol.
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The small intestine is the body's major digestive organ which is highly adaptive for the absorption and digestion. It is a muscular tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve. The walls are made up of a muscular layer, lymphatic vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries, epithelial cells, villi, microvilli, and plicae circulares.
The small intestines is divided into three sections; Duodenum(10in. long), Jejunum(8ft. long), and Ileum(12ft. long).
The movements of the small intestine is Peristalsis, and Segmentation.
Peristalsis and Segmentation can occur in an alternating sequence.
Gallbladder Chronicles
The large intestine is 5 1/2ft. - 6ft. in length.
Standard enema will cleanse the sigmoid and rectum area.
The small intestine connects to the large intestine at the cecum portion of the colon. The ileocecal valve connects the small and large intestine.
Taeniae Coli are the tape like strips of longitudinal muscles that are grouped together, and haustras are the circular muscles that produce the rings, that gives the colon a puckered appearance.
Mechanical Movement (contractions) of the large intestines includes; Haustral Churning, Peristalsis, Mass Perstalsis, Anti/ Reverse Peristalsis.