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Gothic literature often is set in old, rundown structures: especially castles or great country manors. The building usually features hidden passages, trap doors, dungeons or secret rooms, and has suffered a decline from its former greatness.

Defined as the action of repaying someone for a harm that they caused.

One of the key influences of Gothic Literature - may be acted upon a loved one, family member, friend, an object.

Can be enacted by or upon mortals as well as a spirits - Revenge itself can take many forms such as: harm to body, harm to loved ones and harm to family.

It is a guiding force in the reverence of the dead.

PURSUED PROTAGONIST

The idea of a pursuing force that relentlessly acts in a very negative way on a character. This persecution often implies the act of some sort of a curse or other form of terminal and completely unavoidable damnation, a notion that usually suggests a return to ,or "hangover" of, traditional religious ideology to punish the character for some real or imagined wrong.

THE SUPERNATURAL

This is generally in the form of some kind of supernatural being or object, such as a vampire or ghost, which is frightening due to its refusal to adhere to the laws of nature, God or man.

UNRELIABLE NARRATOR

A narrator tells a story and determines the story's point of view. An unreliable narrator, however, does not understand the importance of a particular situation or makes an incorrect conclusion or assumption about an event that he/she witnesses.

REVENGE

THE SUPERNATURAL

PERSUED PROTAGONIST

UNRELIABLE NARRATOR

REVENGE

THE SUBLIME

''An overpowering sense of the greatness and power of nature, which can be uplifting, awe-inspiring and terrifying.''

JUSTICE

THE OUTSIDER

WEATHER

The one theme that cuts through all Gothic writing - the outsider moves along the edges of society (in caves, lonely sea coasts etc).

They appear as 'insane' or different to the other characters in the novels. They are truly counter-cultural and an alternate force, almost mythical in their embodiment of the sins of society.

Mist - Often used to obscure objects or a terrifying person or thing.

Storms - Accompany important events. e.g lighting shows revelation; thunder shows significant events or appearances

Sunlight - Shows goodness and pleasure.

Often shows that 'the sins of the fathers are visited on their children to the third and fourth generation'

This means the justice will be done despite the degree to which the original crime has been forgotten.

The power of social stability is stronger than any individual's attempt to go beyond the limits of it.

EXAMPLES OF ISOLATION

SETTING

Frankenstein

Dracula

SETTING AND WEATHER

THE SUBLIME

ISOLATION / THE OUTSIDER

JUSTICE

GOTHIC CONVENTIONS

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