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Fallacies in Reasoning (chapter 14)
Fallacies in Reasoning (chapter 14)
Slippery Slope
The second step is inevitable
Fallacy
Argument that claims a first step in a certain direction will inevitably lead to undesirable further steps in that direction
Definition: "Argument that seems valid but is flawed because of unsound evidence or reasoning" (pg 268)
Snowball effect
Improper use of Logos in persuasive reasoning
There are many fallacies. In your textbook, only 7 fallacies are discussed
Conclusion
Stay Audience-centered
Know your fallacies & patterns of reasoning
Research carefully and prepare completely
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/
Ad Hominem
Hasty Generalization
Against the Person
Too few Examples
Bandwagon
Red Herring
Everyone Else Agrees
Argument based on too few cases or examples to support a conclusion
Speaker attacks the person rather than that person's arguments. By portraying someone with an opposing view as incompetent or unreliable in character, you effectively silence the person and discredit her or his arguments/ideas
Raising an Irrelevant Issue
Speaker suggests that something is correct or right because everyone else agrees with it or is doing it
Personal Experience
Introduction of irrelevant information into an argument to distract from the real issue
Character Questioned
Group Pressure
Distraction
False Cause (Post Hoc)
Either-Or
A False Dilemma
Mistaking a Chronological Relationship
Argument that mistakes a chronological relationship for a causal relationship
Argument that presents only two options ("either A or B") when actually more than two options exist
Or oversimplify and assume a particular effect has only one cause
Oversimplify complex issues