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Early Christianity in its Jewish Context

Early Christianity: the largest breakaway minyan ever?

Jesus as a "rebellious Pharisee"

Jews and the Passion

The emerging conflict:

- role of gentiles

- the nineteenth blessing

- "pushed away with both hands"?

Arrest in Jerusalem

Visits Jerusalem in 57, conflict with elders over his position on the Torah

Arrested by Romans, imprisoned in Caesarea for two years

Demanded right to appeal to Ceasar, taken to Rome

Under house arrest additional two years, fate unknown

Tradition: beheaded during rule of Emperor Nero

Paul of Tarsus

History of the Jewish People I

Dr. Henry Abramson

Paul of Tarsus

- Hugely influential Jewish apostle

- 14/27 books of Christian bible attributed to him (7 more likely)

- responsible for massive expansion of Christianity

- complex relationship with Torah ("nomos")

- complex relationship with Jewish origins

Legacy

One of the most influential Jews in world history

Conflicted, difficult relationship with his Jewish heritage

Universalism vs. particularism

Increased hostility to Judaism as Christianity separates further from mother religion

Rosemary Radford Reuther: "The left hand of Christology"

Born c. 5 CE in Tarsus

Family Background

Hebrew name: Saul

Roman citizen by birth

Describes himself as "a Pharisee, son of a Pharisee," "of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews"

Broad Hellenistic education

Family business: tentmaking

References to other family members adopting Christianity before him

Conversionary Experience

Self-described zealous persecutor of Christians

Religious conversion in early 30s on road to Damascus

Begins proselytizing in Damascus synagogues

Harsh response from Jewish community, Paul begins series of peregrinations spreading his message

Ambiguous position vis-a-vis The Torah (a.k.a. "the Law")

60% of references found in Pauline epistles

Binding on Jews?

Binding on Gentiles?

The Incident at Antioch: dispute with Peter over kashrut

Emphasis on salvation exclusively through Jesus, not through observance of the Law

Question of Election of Israel, Church vs. Synagogue

Paul and Torah

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, Rome

Inscription: "Paul Apostle Martyr"

This Lecture is Sponsored by

Aaron and Susan Weinberg

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