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Speech Communication Process & Organs of Speech

• Glottis - combination of vocal folds and space in between the folds

- as the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a “buzzing” quality to the speech called voice or voicing or pronunciation.

- sound production involving only the glottis is called glottal. Example is the sound /h/.

Basic Elements of Speech Communication

MESSAGE

FEEDBACK

Sender

Receiver

Organs of Speech

Speech communication

• Alveolar Ridge - hard ridge behind the upper front teeth. It is between the roof of the mouth and the upper teeth.

- For the sound /s/, air from the lungs passes continuously through the mouth, but the tongue is raised sufficiently close to the alveolar ridge (the section of the upper jaw containing the tooth sockets) to cause friction as it partially blocks the air that passes.

- is a process and cannot occur with a singular person.

MESSAGE

Communication Barrier

CHANNEL

Receiver

Sender

FEEDBACK

Channel - the means of transmitting the message

Context - the situation, environment or circumstances of the communication.

Communication is the sharing of information between two or more individuals or groups to reach a common understanding.

Communication Barrier - is something that interrupts, distorts, blocks or interferes with the process.

• Hard Palate - a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth.

- the interaction between the tongue and the hard palate is essential in the formation of certain speech sounds, notably /t/, /d/, and /j/.

• Lips - they serve for creating different sounds - mainly the labial, bilabial (e.g. /p/, /b/, /m/, and /w/) and labio-dental consonant sounds (e. g. /f/ and /v/ - and thus create an important part of the speech apparatus.

• Teeth - small whitish structures found in jaws.

- responsible for creating sounds mainly the labio-dental (e.g. /f/ and /v/) and lingua-dental (e.g. /d/and /t/)

Upper Lip

Lower Lip

• Tongue - with its wide variety of possible movements, it assists in forming the sounds of speech.

- the tip of the tongue helps to produce /t, d, z, etc. /. The blade of the tongue helps to produce /l/. The middle of the tongue helps to produce palatal sound /j/ and the back of the tongue helps to produce /k, g/ sounds.

• Velum(Soft Palate) - : touched or approached by the dorsum to produce sound calls velars /k, g, n/

• Uvula - it functions in tandem with the back of the throat, the palate, and air coming up from the lungs to create a number of guttural and other sounds.

- In many languages, it closes to prevent air escaping through the nose when making some sounds.

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