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Thomas Hobbes

1588-1679

  • Hobbes' father was the vicar of a parish in England.
  • Wealthy Uncle who sent him to Oxford to study.
  • Became a private tutor for nobility: eldest son of Lord Cavendish

and travelled across Europe.

  • Returned to London to further studies. Came into contact with Francis Bacon

and other philosophers.

  • Hobbes began to write his philosophy in 1630

when he wrote "Short Tract on First Principles" based on Euclids

geometrical form.

  • For the duration of the 1630s Hobbes tutored the Earl of Devonshire in France, where he came into contact with Descartes and the scientific community in Paris.
  • In Italy Hobbes conversed with Galileo.
  • 1640 Hobbes flees to France to escape the Civil War.
  • Stays for 11 years.
  • Becomes private tutor to Prince Charles (Charles II).
  • Commenting on the Civil War, Hobbes wrote "Philosophical Rudiments concerning Government and Society" in 1642.
  • 1651 Hobbe returns to England and publishes the "Leviathan".
  • "Leviathan describes the state as an organism, the nature of man, and the role and formation of government.

1667 the Commons mentioned "Leviathan" when passing

a bill against blasphemous literature.

Hobbes wrote a short essay in response, but he was forbidden

to publish on the topic of religion, and many of his later works

were kept from being published.

Hobbes lived a quiet life until his death in 1679.

John Locke

1632-1704

  • John Locke's father was an attorney and small land owner
  • Locke was a child and teenager during the Civil War in England
  • Locke's family well off enough to send him to Oxford. During time there, Cromwell died
  • After studies, became a professor 1661-64, after Charles II restored to the throne.

1667 Locke became an advisor to the Earl of Shaftesbury, and held

government posts.

1669 wrote the consitution for the Carolina Colony in North America.

  • 1675 Locke travelled to London to study with the philosophers in Paris.
  • 1683 Locke opposed James II, and fled to political exile in Holland.
  • In exile Locke published his "Two Treatises of Government" 1690.
  • Influenced by Descarte and Hobbes.

Locke returned to England, and lived out the

remainder of his life in various government offices.

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