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PCIe and SATA Bus Overview Specific to Data Transfer

SATA

SATA connections interfaces with the Host Bus Controller to transfer data between the CPU and peripherals

SATA is backward compatible and runs off a single standard size port on the motherboard as well as a power jack from the computer power supply

SATA Express

eSATA

SATA Express, also called SATA 3.2, though carrying the name SATA and using two SATA connections; is actually a PCIe connection running at a theoretical speed of 16Gb/s, same as PCIe gen3 4x connection and uses PCIe lanes

SATA 3.0 has a theoretical speed of 6 Gb/s, but a functional speed of ~600 MB/s due to overhead

eSATA works the same as SATA, but is an external powered SATA connector for external eSATA drives running at standard SATA speed

Standards:

Serial ATA International Organization

Quiz

MC:

1. What bus does SATA Express run on?

a. The SATA bus

b. The PCIe bus

c. The eSATA bus

d. The system bus

2. What is the difference between SATA and eSATA?

a. eSATA doubles the transfer rate of SATA

b. eSATA is an external powered version of SATA

c. eSATA uses a separate bus

d. All of the above

3. Which is not a size of a PCIe slot?

a. 1x

b. 2x

c. 4x

d. 8x

4. PCIe gen 4 is expected in

a. 2016

b. 2017

c. 2020

d. 2015

5. Were you paying attention?

a. Yes

b. No

c. Yellow

d. Still no

True or False:

6. M.2 is PCIe based

T.

F.

7. Are most SATA SSDs capable of speeds faster than the SATA bus?

T.

F.

8. The PCIe based SSDs is the bottle neck for the data transfer in that setup?

T.

F.

9. M.2 is a PCIe gen 3 4x connection

T.

F.

10. SATA 3.2 is another name for SATA Express

T.

F.

Questions

PCIe

The PCIe bus connects peripherals directly to the CPU

The current generation, PCIe Gen 3, at its largest "size", 16x, has a theoretical speed of 64Gb/s

What is SATA and PCIe

M.2

M.2 is a PCIe connection running at gen3 4X and a max speed of 16Gb/s, but it has a different connector separate from the regular PCIe slots, however it still uses PCIe lanes

PCIe Slots

A PCIe slot is the physical connector on the motherboard

A PCIe lane is a single PCIe connection and the number of PCIe lanes determines a card or slots size, 1x, 4x, 8x, and 16x

PCIe also runs at one of three generations, gen 1, 2, or 3

The PCIe bus is backwards compatible. The speed a card will run at is determined by the size and generation of the card and the slot it's put in. They will adjust themselves to run at the maximum speed achievable.

Standards:

PCI-SIG

PCIe or, Peripheral Component Interconnect Express, connects computer peripherals directly to the processor

SATA or, Serial AT Attachment, connects computer peripherals to the host bus adapter which communicates with the CPU

Subsets of the Interfaces

PCIe:

PCIe

M.2

SATA Express?

SATA:

SATA

eSATA

SATA Express or SATA 3.2

Sources:

Images:

http://images.hardwarecanucks.com/image/eldonko/GD80/Board/pcie.jpg

https://www.msi.com/pic/image/mb/9_series/oc/m2x4_highlight_x99.jpg

http://rog.asus.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/SATA-Express-connector-early-design-2.jpg

https://asset.msi.com/resize/image/global/product/five_pictures1_2297_20110221144824.jpg62405b38c58fe0f07fcef2367d8a9ba1/600.png

http://www.cadalyst.com/files/cadalyst/nodes/2014/21388/1114HoH-2.png

http://www.upgradenrepair.com/images/CD-ROM/mbsataports.JPG

https://usb.brando.com/prod_img/zoom/UPCSF024500_02_L.jpg

http://www.pcper.com/files/imagecache/article_max_width/news/2014-05-01/MAIN-IMAGE.jpg

http://estaticos1.milanuncios.com/fg/1915/55/discos-duros-en-c%C3%A1ce/discos-duros-sata-191555974_1.jpg

http://www.storagereview.com/images/wd_velociraptor_1tb_2mb_sequentialtransfer.png

http://media.wiley.com/Lux/49/291549.image0.jpg

http://www.legitreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/sata-express-board-645x249.jpg

http://tssdr1.thessdreview1.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Plextor-M6e-PCIe-SSD-x2.jpg

https://www.pcper.com/files/imagecache/article_max_width/review/2014-09-19/09-headers-mid-left.jpg

http://images17.newegg.com/is/image/newegg/20-147-467-TS?$S640$

http://blogs-images.forbes.com/marcochiappetta/files/2015/09/intel-p3608-ssd-angle2.jpg

http://www.storagenewsletter.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/WD-6TB.jpg

http://cdn.slashgear.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/nfs-movie.jpg

https://www.pcper.com/files/imagecache/article_max_width/review/2014-09-19/09-headers-mid-left.jpg

http://www.computershopper.com/var/ezwebin_site/storage/images/media/images/sata-express/1143914-2-eng-US/sata-express.jpg

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aTdnWDDKwD0/USCesgfJPAI/AAAAAAAAAbM/vsdr4KwKw1U/s1600/connettore_SATA.png

http://www.angelbird.com/media/material/2016/02/02/WINGS_PX1_angle_520x490_20160119.jpg

Data:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_4.0

http://www.tweaktown.com/news/46190/pcie-4-feature-16gt-new-connector-arrive-2017/index.html

http://ark.intel.com/products/82930/Intel-Core-i7-5960X-Processor-Extreme-Edition-20M-Cache-up-to-3_50-GHz

http://ark.intel.com/products/88195/Intel-Core-i7-6700K-Processor-8M-Cache-up-to-4_20-GHz

http://ark.intel.com/products/84688/Intel-Xeon-Processor-E7-8893-v3-45M-Cache-3_20-GHz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA_Express

https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/www/us/en/solid-state-drives/consumer-family.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA

https://linustechtips.com/main/topic/370355-does-m2-take-up-any-of-the-cpus-max-pcie-lanes/

http://hdd.userbenchmark.com/

http://hdd.userbenchmark.com/

http://ssd.userbenchmark.com/

http://ssd.userbenchmark.com/SpeedTest/38554/NVMe-Samsung-SSD-950

Drive Types and Speeds

Drawbacks and Limitations

SATA

SATA Express

SATA Express drives are not yet readily available, they were supposed to be released in 2015

PCIe

SATA 3.0 and eSATA can operate HDDs and SSDs at a maximum of 6Gb/s

M.2

SATA Express drives would run with a theoretical speed of 16Gb/s, but there is little data on their effective speed because of their lack of availability

M.2 drives can run at a theoretical 16Gb/s and current drives max out at 15.912Gb/s read and 10.64Gb/s write with the Samsung 950 NVMe

PCIe slots can handle PCIe based SSD's as well as M.2 adapter cards

HDDs speed current max is 235 MB/s read and 249 MB/s write with WD Black 6TB (2015).

The theoretical maximum speed of a drive connected to the PCIe bus would be 64Gb/s, however current NVMe drives deliver a max of 40Gb/s read and 24Gb/s write, and uses a PCIe gen3 8x slot (Intel DC P3608).

SATA Speed Workaround

SATA:

Max speed of ~6Gb/s

PCIe:

  • Number of lanes as well as number of physical slots

SSDs can reach 529 MB/s read with the Samsung 850 Pro and 509 MB/s write with the Corsair Neutron XT

Processor

PCIe Workaround

Intel® Core™ i7-5960X Processor Extreme Edition (20M Cache, up to 3.50 GHz)

40 lanes

Intel® Core™ i7-6700K Processor

(8M Cache, up to 4.20 GHz)

16 lanes

Intel® Xeon® Processor E7-8893 v3

(45M Cache, 3.20 GHz)

32 lanes

However ~20Gb/s is much more common

Bigger motherboard

More powerful CPU

With a transfer rate limitation of 6Gb/s, raid 0 striping can be used to overcome the transfer cap to a point

MSI Big Bang-Marshal (B3) XL ATX LGA1155 Motherboard - 8 16x slots

Real World Advantages and Why we Need Faster

Aside from enthusiasts wanting data to transfer as fast as possible, faster data transfer rates are a requirement for 4k video or uncompressed raw video editing, high bandwidth computing tasks, as well as data storage arrays

(however enterprise arrays have work around for this using distributed storage with advanced RAID arrays)

Future

SATA

Bus Future

PCIe

Bus Improvements

Answer to final MC question:

B.

At current there is no released plan for SATA 4, however the theoretical plan for it would increase the data transfer rate to 12Gb/s, but the idea was dismissed because the power requirements would be too high and it was likely to reduce flash memory durability.

This is why they moved to PCIe based SATA Express (SATA 3.2)

Drive Improvements

Bus:

PCIe gen4

  • Due for release in 2017
  • It would double the data transfer rate of gen3 to a max rate of 128Gb/s or 16GB/s

Drive Future

There is little room for advancement in SATA HDDs as they have been stuck at ~200 MB/s or less for year.

There is little room for SSDs to grow either because they have already hit the max.

Drives:

Drives capable of the full 64Gb/s transfer rate

Future expansion will come in SATA Express and with it we can use SSDs that are already capable of its 16Gb/s speed

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