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Original sketches by Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) credited with inventing the first practical telephone.
Dwyer (2009:5), working off the original 1949 model of Shannon and Weaver as a platform offers SEVEN main elements of the communication process.
1. Sender
2. Message
3. Receiver
4. Feedback
5. Communication Channel
6. Context (or Setting)
7. Noise (or Interference)
Reference: Dwyer, J. 2009. The Business Communication Handbook. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia.
Shannon and Weaver worked for the Bell Telephone Laboratory in the USA and focused their theory on the channels of communication that could send the most information in the most effective manner.
They suggested a sequential process in which an INFORMATION SOURCE (SENDER)
encodes a MESSAGE,
which is then converted by a TRANSMITTER (telephone)
into a SIGNAL. This is then sent
through a CHANNEL (telephone line)
to the RECEIVER.
They also considered another element
of communication: NOISE.
The following models need to be understood and studied as a progression of the development of communication theory.
The models you need basic knowledge of are:
What is the CONTEXT? After a devastating world war (1939-1945) the world's western powers are attempting to rebuild their lives, economies and understanding of society.
Harold Lasswell (1902-1978) was a leading American political scientist and communications theorist. He was a member of the Chicago school of sociology and was a professor at Yale University in law. He was a President of the American Political Science Association (APSA) and World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS).Areas of research in which Lasswell worked included the importance of personality, social structure, and culture in the explanation of political phenomena.
As an American political scientist, Lasswell was mainly interested in the area of propaganda. In 1948 his view of communication focused on the effect of the message on the RECEIVER. His theory of communication involved ONE-WAY COMMUNICATION in which it was believed that the SENDER was the only active participant, while the receiver played a passive role.
Adaptation of Barnlund's Transactional Model (Steinberg: 2007:57)