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Romanticism

Works Cited

Characteristics of Romantic Literature” - Odessa College. Web. 4 Oct. 2015.

<http://www.odessa.edu/dept/english/dsmith/rom.lit.char.pdf>

“Defining Romanticism In the Arts.” - For Dummies. Web. 4 Oct. 2015. <http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/defining-romanticism-in-the-arts.html>

“Poets.Org.” Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2015. <https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/text/brief-guide-romanticism>

“GéRicault, Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19.” YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2015. <

“Romanticism.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2015. <http://www.britannica.com/art/romanticism>

“TURNER'S ‘THE SLAVESHIP.’” TURNER'S "THE SLAVESHIP". Web. 5 Oct. 2015. <http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/4c/turner.004.htm>

“Untitled Document.” Untitled Document. Web. 5 Oct. 2015. <https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/jkr/romanticism.html>

World History. Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print.

What is Romanticism?

  • An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement.
  • Started in 18th century Europe.
  • A revolt against aristocratic norms, the scientific rationalization of nature, and the Industrial Revolution.
  • Embraced the exotic & individual imagination.
  • Emphasized intuition, imagination, and feeling over reason and logic.
  • Nature is seen as an escape from society’s judgment and restrictions.

Differences Between Transcendentalists

& Dark Romantics

  • Saw divine goodness and beauty beneath everyday reality.
  • Believed spiritual truths may be ugly or frightening.
  • Embraced the mystical and idealistic elements of Puritan thought.
  • Reintroduced the dark side of Puritan beliefs: the idea of Original Sin and the human potential for evil.

The Slave Ship, Joseph Mallord Turner 1840

Who Were the Dark Romantics?

•The Dark Romantics were a group of nineteenth century writers who explored the dark side of human nature.

•Dark Romantic writers explored the human potential for evil, including the psychological effects of guilt, sin, and madness.

•The Dark Romantic view countered the optimism of the Transcendentalist writers of the time.

Characteristics of Dark Romanticism

Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism began as a response to the Industrial Revolution, which emphasized mass production and the belief that machines could replace humans. The individual is no longer important.

Characteristics:

• Man is born good

• God is found in nature

• Man can achieve a higher

consciousness

• Advocates social reform

• Believes in the Oversoul

  • Style depends upon the artist (personal expression).
  • Strong emotion, imagination and/or freedom.
  • Emphasis on the individual.
  • Strong relationship with nature.
  • Individuals are prone to sin and self destruction.
  • Includes anthropomorphized evil in the form of Satan, ghosts, and vampires.
  • The natural world is dark, decaying, and mysterious.

What was the purpose of the movement? What were its members trying to acheive?

  • The purpose was to express emotions through arts.
  • Changes due to effects of the Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment.
  • The members wanted to break away from the ideas of the Enlightenment.
  • Romantics not favor the orderly world of the middle class.
  • Romantics believe in freedom and individuality.
  • They are trying to express their likes and dislikes through expression over reason.

Deadpaint

created by Caspar David Friedrich

The Raft of Medusa by Theodore Gericault

The Dark Knight

  • Bruce Wayne: both parents killed
  • Believes that the world is inherently evil
  • “Because he's the hero Gotham deserves, but not the one it needs right now. So we'll hunt him because he can take it. Because he's not our hero. He's a silent guardian, a watchful protector. A dark knight.”

Liberty Leading the People, Eugène Delacroix

Romanticism in Literature

John Wolfgang Von Geothe was a German romance writer. In 1774 he published The Sorrows of Young Werther which was about a sensitive man who's love for virtuous married women led him to commit suicide.

Victor Hugo wrote poems, plays, and novels that expressed romanticism's revolutionary spirit. Hugo's works often reflected the fascination with history. His novels Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame both show struggles of individuals against society

William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge both used nature as their source of beauty. Later English romantic poets wrote poems celebrating rebellious heroes, passionate love, and the mystery and beauty of nature.

Caspar David Friedrich

The News

Age of Reform

Temperance Movement:

No alcoholic drinks to preserve family order.

Abolition Movement:

Fought to abolish slavery in U.S.

Women's Rights Movement: Fought for political rights.

Utopian Communities:

-Shakers, Ladder Day Saints, and etc.

  • Believed in perfectionism.
  • Different view of freedom.
  • Instead of being free to drink booze you would be free from temptation.

The Second Great Awakening:

  • Individual choice and personal relationship with God.
  • Conversions to evangelical religions.

The brothers Jakob and Wilheim Grimm were authors who collected and wrote Grimm's Fairy Tales.

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