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Viktor Lowenfeld's 1949 Creative and Mental Growth was published and became the single most influential textbook in art education. Many elementary school teacher preparation programs used this book since it described characteristics of child art.
Lowenfeld believed evidence of aesthetic, social, physical, intellectual, and emotional growth is reflected in the art of children.
He further developed a theory of stages in artistic development. The stages consisted of
1.Scribble;
2.Preschematic;
3.Schematic;
4.Dawning Realism;
5.Pseudo Realism;
6.Period of Decision/Crisis.
Rhoda Kellogg was a psychologist, scholar and child educator who collected and studied children’s art over the course of her lifetime. From 1948 to 1981, Kellogg collected several million drawings made by children, ages 2 through 6, as they scribbled to teach themselves to draw. Kellogg’s thesis was that universal patterns and developmental stages can be found in a study of children’s art.