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Illusory correlation and formation of stereotypes
13
Procedure
They told female college students that they would meet a person who was either inverted (reserved, cool) or outgoing (active, warm).
The members were then asked to prepare some questions for the individual they would meet.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to look for, interpret, favor, and recall data in a way that affirms one's previous convictions or speculations.
Aim
To determine whether individuals tend to search out or remember data that affirms what they already believe in.
Results
The participants asked questions that confirmed their confirmation bias.
- "Introverts" were asked, “What do you dislike about parties?”or “Are there times you wish you could be more outgoing?”
- "Extroverts" were asked, “What do you do to liven up a party?”
How can these findings be applied to real world situations?
Findings
The analysis inferred that the questions asked affirmed participants" stereotypes of each personality type so that it became a confirmation to what they already believed.
Concerns:
Methodological considerations:
- Study was only made up of university students.
- Only females.
Limitations:
- The study was carried out in an unnatural way that differs from usual interactions.
- The situation in which the participants found themselves was highly artificial, lacks ecological validity.
- Strengths:
- Results are reliable as well as replicable.
Ethical considerations:
The participants did not know what they were being observed/used for.
Qualitative study.
Sources
This study is a qualitative study that took the form of an observation.
Study is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations.
Variables:
- https://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjQr8CN_evWAhXGOxoKHbR5B5YQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamesclear.com%2Fcommon-mental-errors&psig=AOvVaw0IqWzEU8H8NlKi0D6j-xFW&ust=1507928366744878
- https://www.student.thinkib.net/psychology/page/22444/stereotyping
- https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/
- https://www.verywell.com/what-is-the-independent-variable-2795278
- https://www.verywell.com/what-is-a-dependent-variable-2795099
- https://i.pinimg.com/736x/83/d1/2b/83d12b277b04399065e11af998d7b63c--about-psychology-confirmation-bias.jpg