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Founding Brothers

• “The usual description of the duels location – the plains of Weehawken - is misleading.” “The actual site of the duel was a narrow ledge, about ten feet wide and forty feet long, located only twenty feet above the water.” (Page 23)

• “James Jackson actually menacing faces at the Quakers in the gallery, called then out, called them out right lunatics then launched into a tirade so emotional and incoherent that reporters in the audience had difficulty recording his words.” (Page 97)

• “John Adams despised Hamilton, once referring to him as “the bastard brat of a scotch peddler.” While intended as a libelous description, Adam’s choice of words was literally correct.” (Page 22)

• “Washington had been threatening to retire even before was inaugurated as president in1789, and he had recaptured the threat in 1792 prior to his reelection.” “John Adams claimed that the reason Washington was invariably selected to lead every national effort was that he was always the tallest man in the room.” (Page 124)

• “The overwhelming popular consensus was that Burr had murdered Hamilton in cold blood.” (Page 26)

• “Some of the articles were utterly preposterous, like the change, also made in the Aurora, that recently obtained British documents from the wartime revealing that Washington was secretly a traitor who had fully intended to sell out the American cause until Benedict Arnold beat him to the punch.” (Page 126)

• “Instead, Burr fired while Hamilton’s pistol was still raised in the air. The impact of Burr’s round the allegedly produced an in voluntary jerk on Hamilton’s trigger finger, which sent a round sailing harmlessly above Burr and into the trees.” “This rendition of he story was also compatible with Hamilton’s remark in the boat afterward, when he seemed to think his pistol was still loaded. He obviously didn’t realize that burrs shot had caused an accidental firing of his own weapon.”(Page 28)

• “Upon learning that Washington intended to reject the mantle of emperor, no less an authority than George III allegedly observed. “if he does that, he will be the greatest man in the world.”.” “In so doing, he became the supreme example of the leader who could be trusted with power because he was so ready to give it up.” (Page 130)

• “But when he (Adams) lectured the senate on the need for elaborate trappings of authority and proposed that president Washington be addressed as “His Majesty” or “His Highness”.” (Page 168)

• “Franklin, for example, was a superb scientist and masterful prose stylist, to be sure, but also a vacuous political think and diplomatic fraud, who spent the bulk of his time in Paris flirting with younger women of the salon set.” (LooooooL) (page 217)

• “Indeed, less than a year after the duel, Burr made a secret contact with Britain officials for the purpose of seizing some substantial portion of the trans-Mississippi territory and placing it under British control, presumably with Burr himself as governor. Perhaps Burr reasoned that, since he was being treated as a new Benedict Arnold, he might as well enjoy the fruits of a similar season.” (Pages 38-39)

• “In the summer of 1798, however, Hamilton persuaded his federalist colleagues in the congress to authorize the creation of a vastly expanded provisional army (subsequently called the new army) of between ten thousand and thirty thousand soldiers in preparation for the looming outbreak of war with France.” “Then the horrid picture came into focus for Adams. Hamilton intended to make the new army his personal instrument of power. “…Washington would be called out of retirement to head the force… Adams suspected that Hamilton…saw himself as an American Napoleon…his planes were quite grandiose: he hoped to march his conquering army through Virginia, where republicans would be treated like Whiskey rebels, then down through the Louisiana territory and into Mexico and Peru, liberating all of the inhabitants from French and Spanish domain… the prospect of a Hamilton-led army marching heaven knows where conjured up the demise of republican government altogether in the classical last act – a military dictatorship.” (Pages 193-194) (Hamilton seems like a bad dude in this book .________.)

• “The (Washington) was also poorly read, seldom wrote his own speeches, and, according to one member of his cabinet, “could not write a sentence without misspelling some word.”.” (page 217)

• “The most forceful expression of the northern position on the slave trade came, somewhat ironically, from Luther Martin of Maryland.” (Page 92)

• “Virginia, in short, talked northern but thought southern.” (Page 96)

France

Benedict Arnold

American Revolution

TURNCOATS, TRAITORS, AND HEROES

Traitor

Britain

George Washington

• Major General Israel Putnam rode on horseback to Washington (who was in the Vassal House) with a lady of the night who was caught trying to pass information to the enemy.

• “France was more likely to help rebels who were able to help themselves so

France has decided to help the American rebels” (Page 44)

Britain

France

• The Lady of the Night was a mistress for Dr. Benjamin Church Jr. He was suspected of giving her the letter for the enemy.

• “The US received a lot of international help, from France, Britain’s rival, and the Dutch. (page 47)

• Church was the Director of the General Hospitals for the rebel army.

• On July 1777 a British vessel came to the Americas to trade Church for a captured surgeon, but a patriotic mob caused such an uproar they had to bring Church back to jail.

• “Britain was fighting at the end of a long communication line, which made coordinated forces very difficult, and has created much interpretation.” (Page 45)

• The letter was in a (really simple) cipher.

British

• “Since France and the British were enemies for a long time, France lost their colonies from Britain, so France wanted Britain to taste their own medicine.” (Page 47)

• They illegally held Church in prison.

• Godfrey Wenway and Adam Maxwell were the two men who took the letter from the girl and turned it over to the rebel army.

• Samuel West, Elbridge Gerry, and Colonel Elisha Porter were the code breakers.

French

• In 1780, Church was finally released and exiled to an island in the West Indies, however, evidence shows that the boat was never seen again and believed to have been lost at sea.

• “Many European military advisors helped mold the continental army from a ragtag force to a military.” (page 48)

• America had no center of gravity, which meant that there was no one location that the loss would cause America to be unable to fight. (Page 51)

• The letter spoke of Church’s visit to Philadelphia and it was a report on American Strength, artillery, ammunition supplies, rations, recruiting, currency, and the proposed attack on Canada

• Captain Brown and a Mr. De Berniére passed through Concord without much trouble and got a detailed report of American Artillery, signaling that a man named Daniel Bliss had helped the British spies.

• “Most British troops were fighting on unfamiliar terrain and unless they were in port cities or loyalist territory, they had no idea where they were going, and had a huge disadvantage, and they couldn’t find local sources of manpower or food.” (page 49)

• The letter spoke of Church’s visit to Philadelphia and it was a report on American Strength, artillery, ammunition supplies, rations, recruiting, currency, and the proposed attack on Canada

• In the four known years before his capture, Church had been close to both provincial and National secrets, a second only to Benedict Arnold.

• A spy named Howe tricked the rebels that he was one of them by saying that he was in want for money-because British spies always had a lot of money on hand.

• The British could conquer cities but could never take control of the rural areas, which was the location of most rebelling forces.” (Page 50)

• “All communications for the British were were outdated because they had to be sent across the Atlantic ocean.”(Page 49)

• John Hancock, Church, and the Adams’s were all under suspicion of the ‘confidential information’ leak before Church was caught.

• Deserters became a large problem on both sides, at about the same time that Church was found guilty and exiled, and both opposing Generals were struggling with it, though Washington was more pained than Gage.

• Another and more careful spy in or near Concord was thought to be John Hall who used to be stationed in Canada and may have learned (bad) French there, which is what he communicated in letters with.

• “The size of the colonies played a role as well, as the British had to simultaneously fight a war and suppress the rebellion.” (page 50)

Founding Brothers: Read by Bella

Turncoats, Traitors and Heroes: Read by Jolie

American Revolution: Read by Caitlin

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