SOUTHERN EUROPE

GOAL!

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People and Environment

climate change has brought drought as well as unseasonable rain to the region, both which can cause soil erosion. As vegetation loses its hold, there is no plant life to keep soil from washing away.

while dry season fires help maintain the Mediterranean ecosystem, they are also contributing to deforestation. The longer, hotter summers of low humidty and high winds also increase the risk of forest fires and deforestation.

the growth of industrial manufacturing and tourism are causing pollution hot spots in the Mediterranean Sea, destroying the ecosystem. The damaging impact of humans on the environment is seen in overfishing, pollution from cruise ships, overuse of fresh water, and increased waste.

as early as 1975, the Mediterranean Action Plan took effect to prevent further damage to the environment. in 1990 the European Environmental Agency was crated to address environmental issues and preserve Southern Europe's beauty and resources.

much of southern Europe shares roots in language, religion, and art, as well as ideas of government; they value education and social welfare

southern Europe has seen decline in their manufacturing sector with more emphasis on the service industry. Today, the region is struggling to recover from the economic downturn, facing national debt and high unemployment .

physical geography

Southern Europe is made up largely of mountain ranges and plains. Ranges such as the Pyrenees, the Alps, and the numerous ranges of the Balkans from natural barriers between the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas and the rest of Europe.

The rivers of Southern Europe generally do not provide routes for transportation and trade because they tend to be shallow and run through rugged terrain, but many rivers act as primary water sources, and dams provide hydroelectric power.

The Alps block Atlantic winds from the north , creating a drier climate in southern Europe and warm waters of the Mediterranean Sea bring warm air, making the area both suitable for cops and highly appealing for tourist.

pollution hot spot: a location where pollution and other human activities have led to the degradation, or even death, of an ecosystem.

Human Geography

SOUTHERN EUROPE

MASSIF: A BODY OF MOUNTAIN RANGES FOMED BY FAULT-LINE ACTIVITY

ACCESS: a way to approach or enter

TUNGSTEN: an extremely rare heavy-metal element essential in high-tech industry.

RESOURCE: a usable stock or supply

Ancient Greece and Rome provided the foundations of Western civilization by introducing concepts of democracy and rule of law, and by advancing art and culture. The impact can be seen in the art and architecture of modern Europe.

As wealth and stability came to the region , people devoted themselves to thought, new ideas, and the arts, giving birth to the Renaissance. related exploration and colonization brought wealth.

Regions that shared languages or cultural identity began to unify and push for independence. Though invasions from North Africa, Asia , and the arts and architecture of modern Europe emerged.

Although Europe is densely populated area of the world, birthrates have decreases. The cost of providing care to the aging population puts strain on the government welfare systems.

Labor demands have encouraged migration within the countries of the European Union, resulting in further urbanization as well as more diverse cultures and ethnic groups.

city-state: an independently governed community consisting of a city and the surrounding lands, notably present in ancient Greece.

RENAISSANCE: rebirth: the period in European civilization characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning values.

COMPLEMENTARITY: relationships between two places in which one produces something the others need, resulting in an exchange.

accurate: free from error.

promote: to help something grow or develop.

factor: something that actively contributes to the production of a result.