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Differential Association

Social Structure and Social Learning

Criminal Behavior

Conforming Behavior

Social Learning

Social Structure

Individual Behavior

Differential Association

Definitions

Imitation

Other Learning Variables

Age Family

Sex Peers

Race School

Class Others

Society

Community

Edwin Sutherland's Learning Theory

Differential Association

Edwin Sutherland (1939) proposed his theory of Differential Association in his Principles of Criminology textbook

He formulated his theory with an attempt to explain not only individual criminal behavior but also those of societal groups

Specifying the Causal Mechanism by whichMultiple Factors Affect Crime

Learning Theories

What "causes" people to commit crime?

➢ Explain the social process of how and why people engage in criminal behavior through learning.

➢ Virtually all learning theories assume that our attitudes and behavioral decisions are acquired via communication after we are born, so individuals enter the world with a blank slate (often referred to as tabula rasa).

➢ A key feature of learning theories is that peers and significant others impact an individual’s behavior.

Sutherland wanted to explain why some factors were related to crime

Asked: “What do males, young adults, blacks, and

inner city residents have in common that causes

them to commit crimes?”

What is in the black box explaining these

correlations? What is the intervening mechanism?

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