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Individual Behavior
Differential Association
Definitions
Imitation
Other Learning Variables
Age Family
Sex Peers
Race School
Class Others
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Edwin Sutherland (1939) proposed his theory of Differential Association in his Principles of Criminology textbook
He formulated his theory with an attempt to explain not only individual criminal behavior but also those of societal groups
➢ Explain the social process of how and why people engage in criminal behavior through learning.
➢ Virtually all learning theories assume that our attitudes and behavioral decisions are acquired via communication after we are born, so individuals enter the world with a blank slate (often referred to as tabula rasa).
➢ A key feature of learning theories is that peers and significant others impact an individual’s behavior.
Sutherland wanted to explain why some factors were related to crime
Asked: “What do males, young adults, blacks, and
inner city residents have in common that causes
them to commit crimes?”
What is in the black box explaining these
correlations? What is the intervening mechanism?