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Transcript

The

Enlightenment

Enlightenment

(with a capital E)

18th-century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

Absolute Monarchies

  • were the main form of gov't but the Enlightenment created reason & pressure for change

John Locke

people can govern themselves, they do not need a monarch

  • people are reasonable & good

  • the social contract allows the gov't to exist and to

protect the rights of the people

  • if gov't fails to protect rights, the people should rebel

Social Contract

  • the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government.

Hobbes's old Idea

Locke's Enlightenment Idea

people limit rights and freedom to have a gov't that will protect those rights and freedoms

people give up rights and freedoms to have a strong gov't and be protected from bad people

Enlightenment Thinkers

  • Voltaire - tolerance of speech & religion
  • Montesquieu - separation of powers
  • Rousseau - individual freedom
  • Beccaria - fair judicial system
  • Wollstonecraft - women's rights

Thomas Hobbes

the monarchs (KING or QUEEN)

  • are justified to rule because of divine right

  • that a strong gov't is needed because people are selfish and inherently bad

  • the social contract allowed the monarch to have absolute power
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