Pattern Language(s) in Technology Enhanced Learning

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by Peter Baumgartner2 views·Updated Aug 5, 2018
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Pattern Language(s) for Technology Enhanced Learning

Some Thoughts and Methodological Considerations

Part II

A Case Study

Feeback-oriented Learning I (Method)

Designing living structures

Common Ground for different Disciplines

Structure of Patterns

and Wholeness

“There are four key ideas, all arising from the structure of centers […]:

1. Centers themselves have life.

2. Centers help one another: the existence and life of one center can intensify the life of another.

3. Centers are made of centers (this is the only way of describing their composition).

4. A structure gets its life according to the density and intensity of centers which have been formed in it.

These four points, simple as they are, give us the secret of living structure, and of the way life comes from wholeness”

Photo © Markus Kaiser

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"Each pattern is a three-part rule, which expresses a relation between context, a problem, and a solution.

As an element in the world, each pattern is a relationship between a certain context, and a certain spatial configuration which allows these forces to resolve themselves… Pattern can exist at all scales."

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Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahl-King, I., & Angel, S. (1979). A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. p.247

Designing Wholeness

Mariagrün (Graz): Public Elementary School

Architekturwerk Christoph Kalb

http://www.architekturwerk.at/projekte/volksschule-mariagruen/45

spatial configuration

Is the thing/process created morally profound?

Does it make human life better?

Does it make people more whole in themselves?

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A Case Study

Feeback-oriented Learning II (Results)

  • Relations
  • Configurations (Patterns)
  • Emergence
  • Recursion

Taxonomy of Feedback Types (Moodle)

Elements of the Pattern Description

  • Overall Feedback: Addresses the complete Quiz, always at the end (Evaluation, Grading)
  • General Feedback: For each question, independent if answered correctly or wrongly
  • Specific Feedback: For each selected answer
  • Combined Feedback: Result in general terms (right, wrong, partially right)
  • Indicated Feedback: Hints for every try
  • Self-Assessment: Status of the result but modified by the weight of the self evaluated certainty if the answer is correct

Name & Image: should be appropriate and characteristic

Context: Environment where the pattern applies.

Problem: Difficulty that the pattern should overcome.

Forces: Area of conflicts where the pattern is embedded and reasons why the the solution is difficult or may fail

Solution: Details how the problem can be solved.

Consequences: Implication arising from the application of the pattern

Research Questions: What are the "centers" in different domains?

What are the fundamental properties for generating living structures?

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Educational Principles as Orientation

  • Several (at least 5) Educational Principles per Dimension
  • Educational Principles work as an orientation for actions
  • Basic form = specifity + “learning”
  • Examples: discovery learning, situated learning, self-determined learning, feedback-supported Learning
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Photo © Stadt Graz/Markus Kaiser

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: the way something has been made : the way the parts of something (such as a building, machine, book, etc.) are formed and arranged for a particular use, effect, etc.

[noncount]

There are problems with the design of the airplane's landing gear.

I like the design of the textbook.

I love the sculpture's design.

[count]

The machine had a flawed design.

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[noncount] : the process of planning how something will look, happen, be made, etc. : the process of designing something

She is studying furniture/Web design. [=how to design furniture/Web sites]

the design and development of new products

The new model is still in the design stage. [=is still being designed]

Correcting mistakes is part of the design process.

a number of design concepts/ideas

http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/design

(Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary)

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Photo © Stadt Graz/Markus Kaiser

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[In German:"Gestaltung"]

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  • architectural design
  • web design
  • HCI-design
  • organizational design
  • design of social relationships
  • educational design
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Taxonomy of Feedback Dimensions

  • Level: Where does the feedback refer to? (Whole Test / Question / Answer/ Answer trial)
  • Concreteness: general / precise
  • Point of Time: immediate / delayed (e.g. end of test)
  • Goal: Supporting Learning process (formative) / Assessing learning process (summative)
  • Content strategy: Evaluation / Recommendation / Explanation/ Guidance / Perspective for further learning
  • Frequency: just once / multiple times/ no limits
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Do not concentrate exclusively on content

and/or activities but look into the relations and their dynamics

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Photo © Stadt Graz/Markus Kaiser

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… expresses a relation

…

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10 Feedback Patters

01: Assessment: e.g. Entry-test

02: Course-Recommendation: coaching of learning process

03: Quiz-Recommendation: adaptive learning

04: Explanation: Feedback explains

05: Quiz-Practice: Immediate Feedback after every answer

06: Test-Learning: Simulation of assessment without grading

07: Quiz-Learning: similar to (5) but several trials

08: Trial-and-Error: Find correct answer with trial and error

09: Answer-Guidance: Provide hints to find the correct answer

10: Self-Assessment: Self-estimation of knowledge

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"The whole is more than the sum of its part" (Aristotle). – The organization of the parts and their interactions generates new behavior and phenomena = Emergence. Focus on new qualities on higher levels induced by parts (lover level)

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Relations are not only binary connections, not only links but are multiple relationships, configurations, constellations, patterns, situations with manifold aspects. Observe and analyze the patterns of relations (pattern language).

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Complex behavior / competences are build up in a process of self-similar repeating activities (centers) = Recursion

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http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/design

(Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary)

  • a decorative pattern that covers something : a repeating picture, shape, etc., on something

The wallpaper in the bedroom has a floral design.

a skirt with a paisley design

fabric sold in a variety of colors and designs

  • formal + humorous : to want to date or have a sexual relationship with (someone)

You can deny it all you want, but I think it's pretty

obvious that you have designs on her.

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Photo © Stadt Graz/Markus Kaiser

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Pattern can exist at all scales

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