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Tendency to "learn location that somehow formed Cognitive maps that help them perform well.
Tolman also found out that organisms will select the shortest or easiest path to achieve a goal.
Latent learning is a kind of learning that remains of stays with the individual until needed.
Tolman held the notion that an organism acted or responded for some adaptive purpose.
According to Tolman it can exist even without reinforcement.
He believed individuals do more than merely respond to stimuli.
Reinforcement not Essential for Learning
Tolman conluded that reinforcement is not essential for learning, although it provides an incentive for performance.
Intervening variables are variables that are not readily seen but serve as determinants of behavior.
Tolman believed that learning is mediated or is influenced by expectations, perceptions, representations, needs and other internal or environmental variables.