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Cognitive Maps

Tendency to "learn location that somehow formed Cognitive maps that help them perform well.

Tolman also found out that organisms will select the shortest or easiest path to achieve a goal.

Tolman's Key Concepts

Latent Learning

Learning is always purposive and goal-directed

Thank you!

Latent learning is a kind of learning that remains of stays with the individual until needed.

Tolman held the notion that an organism acted or responded for some adaptive purpose.

According to Tolman it can exist even without reinforcement.

He believed individuals do more than merely respond to stimuli.

Prepared by:

Ms. Joan M. Becaldo

Purposive Behaviorism

Tolman's Purposive Behaviorism

Reinforcement not Essential for Learning

The Concept of Intervening Variable

Tolman conluded that reinforcement is not essential for learning, although it provides an incentive for performance.

  • Purposive behaviorism has also been referred to as Sign Learning Theory and is often seen as the link between behaviorism and cognitive theory.

Intervening variables are variables that are not readily seen but serve as determinants of behavior.

  • Tolman's theory was founded on two psychological views, those of the Gestalt Psychologist and those of John Watson, the behaviorist.

Maze A

Tolman believed that learning is mediated or is influenced by expectations, perceptions, representations, needs and other internal or environmental variables.

  • Tolman believed that learning is a cognitive process.
  • Tolman's form of behavirism stressed the relationships between stimuli rather than stimulus-response.
  • Tolman said that the stimulus (the sign) becomes associated with already meaningful stimuli (the significance) through a sries of pairings.

Maze B

Neo Behaviorism:

Tolman

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