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Side Note:

All scientific names should be italicized, however Prezi does not provide the option to italicize fonts.

Taxanomic Relatives

North Island Brown Kiwi

Apteryx mantelli

Aka: Northern Brown Kiwi

Family: Apterigydae (Kiwi Family)

  • Okarito Kiwi (Apteryx rowi)
  • Great Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx haastii)
  • Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii)
  • Southern Brown Kiwi (Southern Tokoeka) (Apteryx australis)

Status:

Endangered (listed by IUCN Redlist since

2000; no change since then)

Dogs and cats eat the chicks before they can breed in areas where mammalian pest control is not carried out. Only 5% of kiwi chicks survive to adulthood in these areas.

Southern Brown Kiwi

Thank you!

Taxanomic Relatives

Characteristics

Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii)

Poor eyesight; highly developed sense of hearing, touch, and smell

Physical

Long, slender,

downward-curving bill

Shaggy, hair-like brown feathers; no tail

Bones with marrow

Nostrils located

at end of bill

Flightless (ratite);

lack of visible wings

Adult size: 5-7lbs., 40 cm

(Large commercially bred chicken)

North Island Brown Kiwi

North Island Brown Kiwi

Characteristics

Behavioral

Nocturnal

Distinctive "kee-wee" call; heard just before dawn and just after dusk

Diet of mainly invertebrates and berries; sniff out insects with excellent sense of smell and then dig out with slender bill

North Island Brown Kiwi

Lay 2-3 clutches per year with

1-2 eggs per clutch; Mate for life

Kiwi chick

Apteryx Mantelli

Characteristics

Interesting Information

The kiwi lays the largest egg in proportion to body size in the world.

Conservation Steps

Distribution

New Zealand

North Island

Areas in brown indicate the North Island Brown Kiwi habitat

Interesting Information

Characteristics

Kiwi egg

Habitat:

  • Prefer lowland, indigenous coastal forest
  • territory = 2-100 hectares, depending on food supply
  • Sleep and nest in burrows dug out from earth
  • Shelter in dense vegetation, hollow logs, etc. during the day

Kiwi X-ray showing egg size relative to body size.

South Island

  • Traps for invasive species

  • Conditioning cats, dogs, stoats to develop aversion to hunting Kiwi birds

  • Raising Kiwi chicks in captivity and releasing them later on (most effective)

  • Legislative action and education

Reasons for Enlistment

Distribution

Reason for Enlistment

  • Greatest threat is predation by dogs, cats, ferrets

  • 94% of chicks die before reaching breeding age due to predation by introduced species (cat, stoat)

  • Habitat loss has actually declined slightly over years and is not major factor in endangerment

  • Avian diseases from introduced species

Kiwi chick raised in captivity.

Predatory Threats

House cat

Dogs

New Zealand

Predatory Threat

Reason for Enlistment

Ferret

Stoats, an invasive species, prey on kiwi chicks.

Past vs. Present

Citations

Present

Past

  • Found across North Island and northern end of South Island

  • 1996: Estimated 35,000 birds

  • Population declined an estimated 90% since 1900
  • Found in isolated, fragmented populations across North Island and even smaller populations on northern end of South Island

  • 2008: Estimated 23,500 birds

  • Population continues to decline at an estimated 2.5% per year in unmanaged populations

Information

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106009818/0

http://powayusd.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/teachers/kjain/gallery/zoos/zr/virtual%20zoo/kiwi.html

http://www.nzbirds.com/birds/kiwinibrown.html

http://kiwifoundation.org.nz/northlandkiwi.html

http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=9818

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island_Brown_Kiwi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwi

Photos

http://www.waipoualodge.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/NorthIdBrownKiwi_KiwiEncounter_8410-SBernert-2.jpg

http://ourplanet.infocentral.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/kiwi2.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_Island_Brown_Kiwi.png

http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/naturelibrary/images/ic/464x261/n/no/north_island_brown_kiwi/north_island_brown_kiwi_map.gif

http://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/03/080312160247-large.jpg

http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/27/27C1E8CB-76B2-4A66-8F74-7C8B123D669C/Presentation.Large/North-Island-brown-kiwi-egg-in-palm-of-hand.jpg

http://www.teara.govt.nz/files/p10164doc.jpg

http://wildlifephotographynews.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/baby-kiwi-05.jpg

http://images.ourspace.tepapa.com/ImageMedium/Preview/2008/34/763bb804cc73515d629102c9db338e09.jpg

http://cdn2.arkive.org/media/E3/E377C54B-82C1-4379-9637-459A5C235A96/Presentation.Medium/North-Island-brown-kiwi-in-undergrowth.jpg

http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/naturelibrary/images/ic/credit/640x395/s/st/stoat/stoat_1.jpg

http://cuteanimalsphoto.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/ferret.jpg

http://www.kiwisforkiwi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/brown-kiwi_0233_rc_doc-496x292.jpg

http://www.fourcorners.co.nz/content/plugins/operator/images/800x600scale/RS003-05_884F3368-1125-AA4F-7196B0D876325EAF.jpg

http://biologos.org/uploads/static-content/Kitty.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Gwen_the_Border_Collie.jpg

http://www.factzoo.com/sites/all/img/birds/kiwi/brown-kiwi-walking.jpg

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