TYPES OF ISTIHSAN & RELEVANCE OF ISITHSAN TO CONTEMPORARY LA

RESEARCH AREA

• Supports towards accepting same-sex marriage has increased tremendously in the Western countries (Wardle, 2008 ; Daniels, 2014).
• In fact, same-sex marriage has now become a legal reality as a result of the Supreme Court recent ruling.

ISSUE

• Despite the legalization of same-sex marriages by the U.S. recently, studies revealed that same-sex marriage caused a bad impact on children.
• Dent (2011) : children raised by same-sex partners are more likely to engage in homosexuality and feeling confused on their own sexuality

THE IMPACT OF SAME-SEX MARRIAGES ON CHILDREN AS PERCEIVED BY IIUM STUDENTS

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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prepared by,

FARIEZA HAZREEN SALEHUDDIN (1124150)

ILIANA BINTI MAT TOTOR (1120174)

FINDINGS

&

DISCUSSIONS

INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY

THEORY

NUMERICAL INFO

SCHOLARLY DEFINITIONS OF VARIABLES

• Hunter (2012) : 22% of 646,464 same-sex couple in US have entered into same-sex marriage.

• Wise (as cited in Wilde, 2007) : In Victoria, Australia, 41% of the same-sex couples wish to have children and the number is increasing .

• Rose (2012) : In Canada, 40% of married gay and lesbian couples live with a child or other family members.

• Oedipus Theory developed by Sigmund Freud (Nurul Jannah, 2010) :
• "Same-sex marriages can be said to be harmful to the development of a child because the child will receive only one type of gender influence from their homosexual parents "

• SAME-SEX MARRIAGE

Nurul Jannah (2010):

"Same-sex marriage" is a new practice of marriage between two persons of same gender, where couple shares the same values of love and commitment similar to heterosexual marriage but in contrast in term of definition.

• CHILDREN

‘Izzah Adibah (2015) defined "children" as those who are under the age of 19 years old.

LITERATURE REVIEW 1

LITERATURE REVIEW 2

PRO SAME-SEX MARRIAGE

• Daniel (2014) : In U.S there was an increasing support towards same-sex marriage about 1.1% each year starting from 1988 until 2013.
• Daniel (2014) : The support reached a majority status with 55% in 2013
• Lehman (2006) : In Canada the support for same-sex marriage has increased tremendously from 37% to 53%, forming a majority in 2014.

AGAINST SAME-SEX MARRIAGE

• (Costa et al. 2014) : In Portugal, 84% of the students were against same-sex partnership and parenting.
• in South Africa, 59% of the students refused same-sex marriage to be legalized in the country.

POSITIVE IMPACT TO CHILDREN

• Wainright and Patterson (2008) : maintained that peers relationships experienced by children in the same-sex marriage is as good as children in the opposite-sex marriage.
• Gartrell and Bos 2010 and Gartrell et al. 2012 : discovered that both children in the same-sex marriage and the opposite sex marriage shows a similar level of anxiety and distress.
• Rosenfeld (2010) : it was found that children in the same-sex marriage showed substantially higher implied retention grade than children in the opposite sex marriage.

NEGATIVE IMPACT TO CHILDREN

• Dent (2011) : children raised by same-sex partners are more likely to engage in homosexuality and confuse with their own sexuality.
• Allen (2013) : children grew up in a homosexual environment are 35% more likely to flop in the examination.
• Regnerus (2012) : 31% of the female children in lesbian and gay marriages marriages experienced sexual victimization.
• Sullins (2015) : children with same-sex parents are measured to have experienced a higher levels of distress, compared to children with opposite-sex parents.
• Sullins (2015) : children in lesbian and gay marriages suffer stigma in many social occasions.

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

PARTICIPANTS

• no. of participants: 30
• who? : IIUM students
• method: random sampling method
• why use this method :
• avoid human bias
• make generalisation from the result

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• However, in most of the aforementioned studies were conducted outside Malaysia such as in America, South Africa, Canada, Australia and Portugal.
• A very little study has been conducted in Malaysia.

1) What is the percentage of IIUM students who agree and disagree with same-sex marriages?

2) What is the major impact of same-sex marriages on children as perceived by IIUM students?

MATERIALS

• survey research design
• instrument: hard copy questionnaire
• adapted from “Attitudes toward Adoption by Same-Sex Couples: Do Gender Roles Matter?” (McCutcheon, 2011)
• 16 questions: ask for Agree/ Disagree
• close-ended question

PURPOSE

To investigate the perception of Malaysian society specifically university students on the effects of same-sex marriage on children.

PROCEDURES

• disseminated randomly to 30 respondents
• during class hour and at night at the mahallah.
• Met the respondents personally and enlightened them about same-sex marriage and the purpose of this research.
• Approximately, the respondents took five minutes to ten minutes to complete the survey.