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Early Life of Aristotle

384 B.C- 322 B.C

DIFFERENCES

Plato

Plato vs. Aristotle

SIMILARITIES

Aristotle

- Rationalist / Idealist

- Believes in innate ideas

- Two worlds (Visible & Invisible)

- Theory of Perfect Forms

- Empiricist / Realist

- Did not believe in innate ideas

- One world (Visible)

- Inductive Reasoning

- Similar upbringing

- Founded an academy

- Foundationalists

- Believed in the importance of virtue

- Formulated a process of

Finding Knowledge Through 4 Steps

- Changed the world of philosophy

Early Life of Plato

423BCE - 347 BCE

  • Parents - Distinguished aristocratic families
  • Before Birth - Athens and Sparta engaged in the Peloponnesian War.
  • Adolescent years - Met Socrates; fell under his influence
  • Until he was 23 years old - The Greek vs. Greek war lasted until Plato was 23 years old

Plato

WORLD OF THE INVISIBLE

  • Born in Stagira, Greece
  • Age 17 - Sent to Athens to pursuit a higher education
  • Enrolled in Plato’s academy.
  • Maintained a good relationship with Plato
  • When Plato did - He did not take over the school (he disagreed with many of his philosophical theories)
  • Tutored Alexander the Great in 338 B.C
  • Started his own school in Athens - "the Lyceum"
  • Worked as a teacher and researcher.
  • Work was not recognized right away
  • Eventually laid out the foundation of more than 7 centuries of philosophy.

WORLD

WHAT IS KNOWN

KIND OF KNOWING

FORMS, UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS

u p w a r d !

KNOWING

WORLD OF THE INVISIBLE

ASSUMPTIONS, RELATIONS, CONCEPTS

WORLD

WHAT IS KNOWN

KIND OF KNOWING

THINKING

WORLD OF THE VISIBLE

  • Age 40 - Found his own Academy (travelled before)
  • Main Task - Keep alive the memory of Socrates
  • Worked on use of reason to develop a more fair and just society
  • Etablished the foundation for modern democracy.

ARISTOTLE'S THEORY

OBJECTS PERCEIVED BY SENSES

WORLD

WHAT IS KNOWN

KIND OF KNOWING

u p w a r d !

BELIEVING

WORLD OF THE VISIBLE

EMPIRICIST

WORLD

WHAT IS KNOWN

KIND OF KNOWING

IMAGES

IMAGINING

DREAMING

&

u p w a r d !

A C

LLEGORY OF THE AVE

4

STAGES TO FINDING TRUE KNOWLEDGE

(from the the visible to the invisible)

  • Believes objects of real existences are one’s we encounter through our sense perception.
  • Believed humans don’t gain knowledge all at once
  • Knowledge is a process
  • Came up with the theory called inductive reasoning:

OUR OPINIONS

ACTIVITY!

SIMILARITIES

&

DIFFERENCES

PLATO: A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY

PLATO'S SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

&

ARISTOTLE: A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY

ARISTOTLE'S SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

Humans perceive everything in the world according to its

Meno's Paradox

which exists in a perfect, invisible world according to the

Observing particular things particular observation make a generalization

FORM,

MIND.

PLATONIC THEORY

STEPS TOWARD KNOWLEDGE

(through inductive reasoning)

KNOWLEDGE

Experience Memory Perception

4

EXPERIENCE

Perceptions + Memory = Experience

MEMORY

Preserving perceptions in our minds

FOUNDATIONALIST-

PERCEPTION

Gather information through our senses

PLATO BELIEVED IN TWO WORLDS

Visible World

CONCLUSION

<

VISIBLE INVISIBLE

FOUNDATION: sense experiences & inductive reasoning

REAL

Invisible World

Theory of the PERFECT FORM

JUSTICE

BEAUTY

OUR OPINIONS

FOSTA

CAMILE

KIM

FIVE SENSES

EXTREME EMPIRICISTS

REASON

EXTREME RATIONALISTS

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