Early Life of Aristotle
384 B.C- 322 B.C
DIFFERENCES
Plato
Plato vs. Aristotle
SIMILARITIES
Aristotle
- Rationalist / Idealist
- Believes in innate ideas
- Two worlds (Visible & Invisible)
- Theory of Perfect Forms
- Empiricist / Realist
- Did not believe in innate ideas
- One world (Visible)
- Inductive Reasoning
- Similar upbringing
- Founded an academy
- Foundationalists
- Believed in the importance of virtue
- Formulated a process of
Finding Knowledge Through 4 Steps
- Changed the world of philosophy
Early Life of Plato
423BCE - 347 BCE
- Parents - Distinguished aristocratic families
- Before Birth - Athens and Sparta engaged in the Peloponnesian War.
- Adolescent years - Met Socrates; fell under his influence
- Until he was 23 years old - The Greek vs. Greek war lasted until Plato was 23 years old
Plato
WORLD OF THE INVISIBLE
- Born in Stagira, Greece
- Age 17 - Sent to Athens to pursuit a higher education
- Enrolled in Plato’s academy.
- Maintained a good relationship with Plato
- When Plato did - He did not take over the school (he disagreed with many of his philosophical theories)
- Tutored Alexander the Great in 338 B.C
- Started his own school in Athens - "the Lyceum"
- Worked as a teacher and researcher.
- Work was not recognized right away
- Eventually laid out the foundation of more than 7 centuries of philosophy.
WORLD
WHAT IS KNOWN
KIND OF KNOWING
FORMS, UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS
u p w a r d !
KNOWING
WORLD OF THE INVISIBLE
ASSUMPTIONS, RELATIONS, CONCEPTS
WORLD
WHAT IS KNOWN
KIND OF KNOWING
THINKING
WORLD OF THE VISIBLE
- Age 40 - Found his own Academy (travelled before)
- Main Task - Keep alive the memory of Socrates
- Worked on use of reason to develop a more fair and just society
- Etablished the foundation for modern democracy.
ARISTOTLE'S THEORY
OBJECTS PERCEIVED BY SENSES
WORLD
WHAT IS KNOWN
KIND OF KNOWING
u p w a r d !
BELIEVING
WORLD OF THE VISIBLE
EMPIRICIST
WORLD
WHAT IS KNOWN
KIND OF KNOWING
IMAGES
IMAGINING
DREAMING
&
u p w a r d !
A C
LLEGORY OF THE AVE
4
STAGES TO FINDING TRUE KNOWLEDGE
(from the the visible to the invisible)
- Believes objects of real existences are one’s we encounter through our sense perception.
- Believed humans don’t gain knowledge all at once
- Knowledge is a process
- Came up with the theory called inductive reasoning:
PLATO: A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY
PLATO'S SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
&
ARISTOTLE: A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY
ARISTOTLE'S SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
Humans perceive everything in the world according to its
Meno's Paradox
which exists in a perfect, invisible world according to the
Observing particular things particular observation make a generalization
FORM,
MIND.
PLATONIC THEORY
STEPS TOWARD KNOWLEDGE
(through inductive reasoning)
KNOWLEDGE
Experience Memory Perception
4
EXPERIENCE
Perceptions + Memory = Experience
MEMORY
Preserving perceptions in our minds
FOUNDATIONALIST-
PERCEPTION
Gather information through our senses
PLATO BELIEVED IN TWO WORLDS
CONCLUSION
<
VISIBLE INVISIBLE
FOUNDATION: sense experiences & inductive reasoning
Theory of the PERFECT FORM
JUSTICE
BEAUTY
OUR OPINIONS
FIVE SENSES
EXTREME EMPIRICISTS
REASON
EXTREME RATIONALISTS