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American-Marxist Tradition
Latin American Structuralist School
A set of development practices, ideas and values that focus on the individuals and communities as a whole
"Underdevelopment is not a condition: it is an active process of impoverishment linked to development."
(Joshi, 2005)
A country's ability to develop depends on the position that country occupies in the world capital system.
(Parpart, & Veltmeyer, 2011, p. 43)
Underdeveloped countries are NOT simply primitive versions of developed countries
The rout by which the Developed World developed may not necessarily be the best rout for developing countries
(Sumner, 2010)
between 2000 and 2010 twenty-seven countries moved up to the middle-income GDP threshold
(Glennie, & Hassanaien, 2012)
"80% of the world's population live in countries where income differentials are widening"
The traditional market paradigm is limiting; a social economy paradigm needs to be adopted
(Fasenfest, Ciancanelli, & Reese, 1997, p. 9)
We are seeing RICH countries with POOR communities
Inequality is still persistent in society
And
Current top-down approaches are not meeting the needs of all communities
Then
Grassroots approaches that highlight community involvement are needed
The migration-development-exploitation nexus impacts the inequalities of communities in both developing and developed countries
(Faist, 2008, pp. 21- 28)
Developed countries
Developing countries
(Faist, 2008, p. 28)
Carpentry program
(Matthews, & Young, 2005, pp.105-106)
Dependency theory has grown to become more than a simple economic development theory.
(Faist, 2008, p. 21)
By taking into account the importance of the individual and the community, it has become a valid analytical tool in community development.
The community is just as important as the state and the market as principles of development
We want to address the inequalities within a community
A holistic approach in development is needed