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The reaction is Exothermic and uses a catalyst to carry out the process, the catalyst is platinum gauze which is usually heated at 900 C in the commercial reaction. But a hot Copper wire can act as a catalyst as well.
The reaction is right equilibrium so pressure and volume are added to balance the reaction/product.
The only saftey cost is that the Ostwald process can also be made for TNT, which means that the reaction is somewhat Explosive if the process is done wrong. however the process is very popular so everyone who uses the process uses it frequently.
The Ostwald process was discovered by Russian scientist Wilhelm Ostwald who was born in Riga, Russia to his mother Elisabeth Leuckel and father Gottfried Wilhelm Ostwald. Ostwald created the process in 1902 and was awarded a Nobel prize in 1909.
In terms of Le Châtelier’s principal, the Ostwald process favors forward reaction and shifts the equilibrium to the right. The Process decreases temperature, increases concentration, and increases pressure and volume, the process shifts to the right because in the equations there is an absence of mols on the right side. Water is constantly added furing the process which increases concentration. All of which favors Forward reactions.
platinum gauze is used in the commercial reaction as a catalyst, but an alternative is a hot copper wire
I did my project on the Ostwald Process, The Ostwald process converts Ammonia into Nitric Acid. The Ostwald process uses a couple steps
1. Step one is oxidation (part 1) where ammonia is turned into one part nitric acid and 8 parts oxygen, platinum gauze is usually the catalyst
2. Step two is where the second part of the oxidation takes place where nitric oxide is made by cooling down the temperature.
3. Nitric dioxide is introduced and absorbed.
4. concentration is increased
The Ostwald Process is used to make pharmaceuticals for the health fields, fertilizers for agricultural fields, and TNT for construction
There are diffrent equations for each step of the Ostwald Process
Step 1: 4NH3 (gas) + 5O2 (gas) → 4NO (gas) + 6H2O (gas)
Ammonia is heated with Oxygen
Step 2: 2NO (gas) + O2 (gas) → 2NO2 (gas)
nitric oxide (NO) is combined with oxygento create nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
Step 3: 3NO2 (gas) + H2O (liquid) → 2HNO3 (aqueous solution) + NO (gas)
nitrogen dioxide is absorbed with water to make nitric acid
Step 4: 4NO2 (gas) + O2 (gas) + 2H2O (liquid) → 4HNO3 (aqueous solution)
Nitric Oxide is made
The Ostwald process is an Exothermic process because it gives off heat during the whole process and the initial reaction
This is a very important process because the Ostwald process is used to make Pharmaceuticals, Fertilizers, and TNT. The Ostwald process was the most efficient way to turn ammonia into nitric acid in two main steps. The Ostwald process makes the creation of the fertilizers and medicine really fast since there was and still is a high demand for medicine and fertilizer.