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Early Industrial Revolution Continued
Technological And Transformation Revolution
Discuss how the factory worked and how it was organized?
Describe impact of new agricultural technologies?
Cotton gin separated cotton fibers from their seeds. Made the production of cotton faster.
Efficient use of the new machines required that many of them be installed together where they could all be driven by the same power source. Workers' homes became separately located from their place of work.
Rylie Dela Cruz
Alex Nguyen
Period V
What were the economic impacts of the transportation revolution?
What was the Lowell System?
Rise of cities in westward expansion and canals dropped shipping costs.
The Lowell system was a labor and production model employed in the United States.
How did it change the nature and characteristics of work?
The Lowell system required the use of domestic labor, often referred to as mill girls, who came to the new textile centers from rural towns.
Cotton Gin
Market Revolution Continued
What were the causes of the panic of 1819 and its consequences?
Rampant land speculation is western lands driving prices up so high they soon crashed and investors lost their money. As a result, Wildcat banks started printing more paper money than they had gold/silver to back it up with.
What were the causes of the panic of 1837 and its consequences?
Banks and other industries were putting their money in railroads. So when the banking firm of Jay Cooke and company, a firm heavily invested in railroad construction, closed its doors. A major economic panic swept the nation.
Alcoholism ,during this time, was very prevalent and many men drank as much as four gallons per capita during the early nineteenth century. Due to this, after getting drunk at the bar, men would return home to their families and beat them and/or not work efficiently in their jobs, because of their alcohol use.
Immigration
Market Revolution
Why did the Irish and Germans immigrate to the US?
What is a market economy and what are its distinguishing features?
Market Economy transformed a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce.
Most of them came because of civil unrest, severe unemployment or almost inconceivable hardships at home.
What were some unique obstacles in developing an American Market Economy?
The Change of Chief Justice which change some policies.
In what ways were they different from each other and to what extent were they different from previous immigrants?
How is a market economy different from a "cottage" base one?
Market is usually factory based and employed many workers. Cottage are small in scale and are often based out of a single home.
Irish: Majority settled in city slums, worked in low paying, dangerous jobs, and were Roman Catholic.
Germans: Many held skilled occupations. They were predominantly protestant. Many settled in small town and rural areas.
Industry
Cottage
In what parts of America did these groups tend to settle?
Irish settled in New york. Germans in Northeastern Ohio.
Early Industrial Revolution
What were some of the key innovations and inventions that promoted the factory system?
James Hargreaves' "spinning jenny", James Watt's "steam engine", Robert Fulton's "steamboat", George Stephenson's "steam powered train".
Plantations were organized based on the kind of cash crop they were growing, for example, a crop like tobacco would work less than a plantation with cotton as it's main crop.
Why did the factory system begin in New England?
The factory system was a new way of organizing labor made necessary by the development of machines which were too large to house in a worker's cottage.
Slavery expanded during this time period largely due to the opening up of new land where slavery could exist and due to the invention of the cotton gin and other technological advances.
Spinning Jenny
Steamboat
Slave autonomy was very limited and extremely discouraged by their masters. Many slaves would discreetly rebel against their masters to preserve their autonomy. Slaves would cope with their condition by mingling with other slaves secretly, singing slave songs, starting families, etc.
Slavery differed in different regions, because of different beliefs, environments, and etc between the urban and rural areas.
How successful was it in stemming the consumption of alcohol?
Technological and Transportation Revolution continued
The temperance movement was extremely successful, especially in New England. By 1840, alcohol consumption has fallen to to less than half its previous level, and hundreds of thousands of men had signed pledges of total abstinence.
How were inventions or innovations instrumental in promoting the transportation and communication revolutions?
Steamboats quickly caught on and became the preferred mode of water transportation. Growing canal system linked the major trading and manufacturing centers of the nation. Investment in railroads had outstripped that in canals. Railroads were faster, cheaper, and had greater range.
What were the social impacts of the transportation revolution?
Made people no longer self sufficient.
What role did the Federal and/or State Government play in its development?
Funded the railroads, canals, ships, roads, and telegraph lines.
The Prosser Conspiracy of 1800 was the earliest slave insurrections in American history. Would have been successful if a thunderstorm and a snitch didn't mess it up. The Vesey Conspiracy was a rebellion by thousands of slaves in SC started by Denmark Vesey and thwarted by two scared slaves and the rebellion was hastily put down.
In 1831, a slave named yours truly lead a rebellion in Southhampton County, VA. Nat was a religious leader and along with his group of slaves killed 60 white people on the night of August 21.
The impact of slavery on southern society was immense. People had the most slaves were considered the wealthiest and prestigious among whites in the South. They also built their economy around slaves, farming cash crops to sell using their slaves as labor.
Second Great Awakening, Burned over district, and Social Cleavages.
Immigration continued
What were the main occupations of these new immigrants?
The temperance movement was widespread among women , who with their children, had endured the effects of unbridled drinking by many of their menfolk.
German immigrants took jobs as skilled laborers that included jewelry makers, musical instrument manufacturers, cabinet makers, and tailors. Irish immigrants took jobs such as working on the docks.
What was the reaction of native-born Americans to these new groups and in what ways did it manifest itself?
Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie (Carry) Nation.
Nativists suspected immigrants of threatening the rights of "native-born" views of the Irish they rivaled the racism reserved for free blacks in northern society.
Turner along with his followers got executed after being captured. The incident haunted southern whites along with slaves randomly killed in Southhampton and their heads were put up as warnings.
Many Temperance leaders used the immigrants' cherished customs and habits towards alcohol as a reason to advance their movement.
Slaves would resist by poisoning their masters, inflict damage on tools and themselves to stop working properly, and mock their masters with song and dance
Underground Railroad was a vast network of people who helped slaves escape into the North or Canada. Many 1000's of slaves escaped due to the UR.
Bibliography
The Temperance Movement. U-S-History.com.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1054.html
Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey.
The American Pageant: A History of the Republic. 12th
ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.
German & Irish Immigration. learn.uakron.edu. http://learn.uakron.edu/beyond/irishGerman.htm
Leah S. Glaser. United States Expansion, 1800-1860. vcdh.virginia.edu. http://www.vcdh.virginia.edu/solguide/VUS06/essay06c.html