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  • Victim: Ni
  • Born into sex slavery
  • Brothel run by White American
  • Trafficking done Locally
  • Victim: "Sophie"
  • Ran away from home
  • sold herself to make money
  • picked up by pimp at 15
  • 5 Years Later
  • Shipped to small town
  • preparations for big sale
  • Victim: Tatiana
  • Parents sent her to aunts to get better education
  • Uncle rapes and sells her
  • Sold to drug dealer in area
  • Forced to work as house keeper and sex slave
  • Attempted escape but was caught, beaten, and raped.
  • Threats to kill her parents were made
  • Victim: Rachel
  • 19 year old college student at Notre Dame
  • Dating a guy "at school"
  • They attend a football game
  • After 4 days of being drugged Rachel wakes up in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
  • She's disoriented and confused...

Washington D.C.

Trafficking Victims Protection Act, 2000

  • Sam Brownback
  • Paul Wellstone

Vermont - Patrick Leahy

Massachusetts - John Kerry & Scott Brown

What can be done to improve?

References

  • Angueira, L., & Hernandez, C. (2010). Human Trafficking in Puerto Rico: An Invisible Challenge. University of Puerto Rico.
  • Berger, S. (2012). No End in Sight: Why the "End Demand" Movement is the Wrong Focus for Efforts to Eliminate Human Trafficking. Harvard Journal of Law & Gender , 35 (2), 523-570.
  • Bishop, R. (2013, January 1). 27 Million Slaves Exist Today. Retrieved March 26, 2013, from New Hope Digital: http://www.newhopedigital.com/index.php/2011/05/27-million-slaves-exist-today/
  • Clawson, H. J., Dutch, N., Solomon, A., & Goldblatt Grace, L. (2009). Human Trafficking into and Within the United States: A Review of the Literature. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation .
  • Kotrla, K. (2010). Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in the United States. Social Work , 55 (2), 181-187.
  • Laczko , F., & Gozdziak, E. (2005). Data and Research on Human Trafficking: A Global Survey. Offprint of the Special Issue of International Migration , 43 (1/2), 35-54.
  • Leahy, Brown, Kerry Introduce Bill To Fight Human Trafficking. (2011, June 29). Retrieved 26 2013, March, from Patrick Leahy United States Senator for Vermont: http://www.leahy.senate.gov/press/leahy-brown-kerry-introduce-bill-to-fight-human-trafficking

References

  • (2013). National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics.
  • Rieger, A. (2007). Missing the Mark: Why the Trafficking Victims Protection Act Fails To Protect Sex Trafficking Victims in the United States. Harvard Journal of Law & Gender , 30 (1), 231-256.
  • Sheldon-Sherman, J. A. (2012). The Missing “P”: Prosecution, Prevention, Protection, and Partnership in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act . Penn State Law Review , 117 (443).
  • Slavery Today. (2012). Retrieved March 31, 2013, from National Underground Railroad Freedom Center: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today
  • Staring, R. M. (2012). Human Trafficking in the Netherlands: Trends and Recent Developments. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology , 26 (1), 59-72.
  • What is Sex Trafficking. (2013). Retrieved March 29, 2013, from Shared Hope International: http://sharedhope.org/learn/what-is-sex-trafficking/

Amsterdam

South Bend

Partnership

Federal & State law enforcement collaborate with local NGOs

Prosecution

Involve Local & State Gov't

Andrews University

Summit on Social Consciousness

presents:

THE SALE

OF

INNOCENCE

Issues with Protection

TVPRA

IMPROVEMENTS

Inadequate Services for Victims

Protection

Types of Services:

  • Food
  • Clothing/Goods
  • Housing
  • etc.

Services Provided

Update language for "severe form of trafficking

Cooperate with Law Enforcement

"Severe Form of Trafficking"

Tatiana

"Sophie"

Prevention

Prevention

Address the normalization of pimping and prostitution

U.S. not setting example

http://raiseyourgrade.org

No scapegoat for this issue

Other countries will not comply

WHAT DOES THE TVPA DO EXACTLY?

TVPA

3 Main Goals

PROSECUTION

PREVENTION

PROTECTION

SOCIAL SERVICE BENEFITS

PROHIBITS THE COLLECTION OF HUMANS FOR SEX

SPECIAL IMMIGRATION STATUS

CRIMINALIZES ATTEMPTS AT TRAFFICKING

PRIVATE CAUSE OF ACTION FOR SURVIVORS

INCREASES CRIMINAL PENALTIES

ENCOURAGE STANDARDS FOR OTHER COUNTRIES

U.S. CAN STOP NON-HUMANITARIAN AID AND TRADES

U.S. WILLING TO HELP ORIGIN COUNTRIES TO END FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE

San Francisco

San Angelo

Bangkok

Caracas

Bulawayo

Presentation by:

Paige Holthof

Javier Melendez

The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA, 2000)

How it affects "Sophie"

  • Insufficient State and Local Involvement
  • Lack of Federal Prosecutions

Issues with Prosecution

But what's promised is not always delivered.

2008

2005

TVPRA

eauthorization

2011

2003

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