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Epichireme

This is defined as a categorical syllogism which has an added reason affixed to one or to both of its premises. it comes from the Greek epi cheir which means on hand. If only one premise has an added reason, then it s a simple epichireme. if both premises have the added reasons, then it is a compound epichireme. the added reason or the proof is often expressed by the causal clauses starting with "for," "because," or "since." The premise to which a proof is annexed is called an enthymeme.

A word of Caution: We must be cautions to identify the main syllogism from the proofs of a premise. In the following example of an epichireme, the proof of the premise is placed inside a parenthetical clause.

Example for Epichireme:

Major: If man evolved from the apes, then the doctrine of creation would be hampered (since biblical truths often run counter to the findings of science);

Minor: But, the doctrine of creation would be hampered.

Conclusion: Therefore, man did not evolve from the apes.

Hello!!

The Sorites

The polysyllogism

There are instances when a single categorical syllogism will not be sufficient for drawing a valid conclusion from a group of premises. A sorites is a polysyllogism consisting of a series of simple syllogism whose conclusion, except for the last, are omitted. There are two kinds of sorites: a) categorical and b) conditional

A polysyllogism is a series of syllogism so arranged that the conclusion of one is the premise of the next. Each individual syllogism must strictly adhere to the rulles of the simple syllogism. We illustrate polysyllogism in the following conversation between two persons, one a teenager and the other a very old man.

Categorical Sorites - consist of a series of simple categorical syllogism of the first figure whose conclusions, except for the last are omitted. It links or separates the subject and predicate of the conclusion through the intermediacy of many middle terms in the sorites. There are also two kinds of categorical sorites. a) Aristotelian / progressive and b) Goclenian / Regressive

In the Aristotelian sorites the predicate of each premise is the subject of the conclusion. In the Goclenian Sorites the same premises occur, but their order is reversed. Hence, the two types differ only accidentally.

Illustration of the Sorites

Aristotelian Categorical Sorites Goclenian Categorical Sorites

A is B; D is (not) E;

B is C; C is D;

C is D; B is C;

D is (not) E; (some) A is B;

________________________ ____________________________

Therefore, (some) A i (not) E. Therefore, (some) is not E.

Conditional Sorites

If A, then B;

If B, then C;

If C, then D;

If D, then E;

______________

Therefore, if A, the E.

Situation: Inside W.V.Liner a young man sat beside a very old man. They are on their way to Davao.

Young Man: (Seeing the old man light his cigar with a matchstick). Manoy, do you have a matchstick?(Putting his Marlboro stick to his mouth.)

Old Man: (Looking madly and fiercely at the young man.) Even if I have, I wont give any matchstick.

Young Man: May I know why?

Old Man: Alright, let me make mself clear. If I give you a matchstick, you will come to know my name. If you come to know my name, we will become friends. If we become friends, you come and visit me in my house, you will come to know that I have a beautiful daughter. And if you will see my beautiful daughter, you cannot avoud to court her. And in the process, you might win her heart. And I cannot afford to have as a son in law, a person who cannot afford to buy a single match stick!

Young Man: Aw Ok!!

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Adelante..... :)

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