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Image References

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References Cont...

Investopedia,. (2010). Cross Culture Definition | Investopedia. Retrieved 15 January 2016, from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cross-culture.asp

Kear, K. (2010) Collaboration via online discussion forums : issues and approaches. In Donelan, K & Kear, K (Eds.), Online communication and collaboration : a reader (pp. 30-33) Oxon: Routledge

Maes, J. D., Weldy, T. G., & Icenogle, M. L. (1997). A managerial perspective: Oral communication competency is most important for business students in the workplace. Journal of Business Communication, 34, 67-80.

Morrison, T., & Conaway, W. (2006). Kiss, bow, or shake hands. Avon, Mass.: Adams Media.

Tannen, D. (2016). Applied linguistics, Volume 5, Number 3. 1983, Volume 5(Number 3).

Universal Class™,. (2016). Roles of Nonverbal Communication with Culture. Retrieved 17 January 2016, from https://www.universalclass.com/articles/business/intercultural-communication/roles-of-nonverbal-communication-with-culture.htm

References

Astigueta, F. D. (1973). Comments On Non-Verbal Group Communication Based On Experimental Circumstances. Group Analysis, 6(2), 97-101. doi:10.1177/053331647300600204

Bateman, Thomas S., and Carl P. Zeithaml. Management: Function and Strategy. Irwin, 1990 Retrieved from http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/interpersonal-communication.html

Bovee, C.R. & Thill, J.V. (2012). Business Communication Essentials (5th Ed). London, Pearson Retrieved from

Davies, D. (2009). Instant Messaging: New form of business communication. Pulp & Paper-Canada, 2005 Jul-Aug, Vol.106(7-8), pp.61-61 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Hartley, P. (2010) Who does what? Structure and communication. In Donelan, K & Kear, K (Eds.), Online communication and collaboration : a reader (pp. 5-11) Oxon: Routledge

Interpersonal Communication https://www.mc.edu/rotc/files/5913/1471/7319/MSL_201_L08b_Interpersonal_Communication.pdf

Introduction

Conclusion

When communicating there are many factors to consider. It is important to understand the different styles of communication that are used for certain situations. The use of business, interpersonal, group and cross cultural communication each have different goals and outcomes. Diverse methods of verbal and nonverbal communication is also used amongst these styles and may affect the intention of the communication.

Communication is used for many different reasons whether it be independent or shared between many people. To achieve effective communication correct understanding and use of these styles are determined by their goals and use of verbal and nonverbal communication.

The methods we use to transmit information will often determine the path or trajectory of the conversations and communications.

Communication styles being presented are; Business, Cross Cultral, Interpersonal and Group.

This presentation will help with the understanding of the theories, goals, verbal and non verbal styles of each communication style.

Cross Cultural

Business

What is it?

Non Verbal

Communication Styles

Non Verbal

Cross culture communication is the interaction between people of different ethnicities and customs (Investopedia, 2010).

Aspects of nonverbal communication can determine a person’s emotion or understanding. Some cultures hold strong traditions when using nonverbal communication such as a bow. It is important to understand the differences as a simple gesture can easily be misconstrued. For example a kiss on the cheek may be an acceptable greeting for an Italian although may be offensive for some Indonesians. (Tannen, 2016). Eye contact and haptics are also considered important in different cultures (Universal Class™, 2016).

What is it?

Technology delivers us email, text also videos to influence our desired outcome.

Instant messaging (IM) has shown to be an effective tool in nonverbal businesses, that can save time and money for companies but still excel in achieving the desired goal.

For instance discussing important changes to international business partnerships can be managed effectively on IM rather than discussing this on multiple occasions individually. (Davies, 2009)

Business Communication is a structured form of effective communication.

When we send information to a receiver the data needs to be clear and transparent. (Bovee & Thill, 2012)

We use effective communication within companies great and small for a focused goal. This would be to achieve profit and increase productivity. Business Communication has potential to influence, change perception and trends. It is used to ensure staff are happy, which drives productivity, better performance in critical thinking or able to recognise problems sooner and inform the ideal person to work towards resolutions. (Bovee & Thill, 2012)

Goals

Verbal

Goals

Verbal

Relationships and propagations between nationalities means cross cultural communication is becoming an essential skill of the future. It allows people from all over the world to negotiate business and corporate transactions, resolve and discuss government issues and converse with respect and understanding for different cultures and ideals. (Investopedia, 2010).

Verbal communication allows people to share their ideas and philosophies. Understanding when to speak, what to say, and how to say it, is an important tool of cross cultural communication. Different ideals may mean use of jokes, satire, compliments, questions and relaying of information could be easily misunderstood. Tone pitch and inflection may also affect the meaning and understanding of what is being said. Most plainly, a knowledge of specific language is needed to verbally communicate between cultures. (Tannen, 2016).

Each type of platform has its own effectiveness based on what your desired outcome is.

One on one conversations, meetings or conferences are face to face verbal interactions.

Technology such as Skype or phone or video calls are commonly used to verbally interact.

Effective verbal communication is, and seems to be, the constant and most sought after skill. (Maes, Weldy & Icenogle 1997).

The use of effective communication within companies is to achieve profit and increase productivity.

Business Communication has potential to influence, change perception and trends.

It is also used to ensure staff are happy, driving productivity and can lead to better performances in critical thinking. (Bovee & Thill, 2012)

Interpersonal

Group

Non Verbal

What is it?

Non Verbal

The dynamics and goal of a group largely affect what is communicated by a group and how. However in general, group communication is an assembly of people sharing thoughts and ideas.

One Way Communication

This method of communication is generally given as a directive or as instructional conversation. It is delivered in a way that the receiver does not have an option of reply.

Non Verbal body language can have a negative effect on group communication. It is very possible for members of the group to appear uninterested or unhappy in the group discussion from their body language alone. It is also possible that this non-verbal body language will be mimicked subconsciously by other members of the group as observed in a study by Dr Fernando Astigueta (Astigueta, 1973, p. 101)

Non verbal communications include facial expressions, tone, body language and physical distance between those communicating.

Non verbal communication can provide additional information not expressed verbally.

It provides details such as; the communicator has finished speaking, they may use hand gestures to surmise or request answers and responses.

Two Way Communication

Sharing information, constructive exchange in ideas, expressing

opinions and being able to contribute, listen and absorb

the conversations.

Verbal

Goals

Verbal

Understanding which style of interpersonal communication should be used in different environments and how the outcomes will vary.

"Different individuals use different communication styles," the authors noted. "A communicator should realize that some styles are more effective than others in certain situations."

Bateman, Thomas S., and Carl P. Zeithaml

When communicating verbally there are factors to entertain, depending on how you would like the information to be delivered.

Being forceful, loud or rude will close the conversation and become delivered in "one way" communication style.

Providing and environment of respect, good listening and providing open ended questions will involve your audience and encourage them to engage in your communication.

Group communication has varying goals depending on the purpose of the group. It can be used in social circles where success is measured by how enjoyable it is (Jaques & Salmon 2010 pp.13).

Or it can be used in a more professional capacity which involves people communicating in a task orientated manner.

Verbal communication is an effective tool for group communication. It can be used to find group roles and decide group functions. As well as the obvious function of conveying messages, verbal communication allows the group to gauge other group members. Verbal communication allows participants to feel comfortable or uncomfortable with another participant from their tone of voice or the words they are using.

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