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Current research

Infectious bacteria is the main cause, poor oral hygiene further increases the condition

The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa helped to assist affected countries with viable programs in which aim to improve levels of oral health

Treatment strategies have improved

  • Nutritional
  • Correction of ionic and acid base imbalances
  • Administration of vitamins
  • Administration of broad spectrum antibiotics to control infection

Thorpe, S. (2006, November 01). Oral Health Issues in the African Region: Current Situation and Future Perspectives. Retrieved May 29, 2017, from http://www.jdentaled.org/content/70/11_suppl/8.full

Prevention

Tonna, J. E., Lewin, M. R., & Mensh, B. (n.d.). A Case and Review of Noma. Retrieved May 29, 2017, from http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000869

Improving any sort of

Ogbureke, K. U., & Ogbureke, E. I. (2010). NOMA: A Preventable “Scourge” of African Children. Retrieved May 29, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020568/

  • Malnutrition
  • Cleanliness
  • Sanitation
  • Poverty reduction
  • Optimum prenatal care

References

Ashok, N., Tarakji, B., Darwish, S., Rodrigues, J. C., & Altamimi, M. A. (2016, April). A Review on Noma: A Recent Update. Retrieved May 30, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4873589/

Noma Cancrum Oris is known for its recurrence

  • Stick to doctor follow ups
  • Possess knowledge in regards to the onset, progression, and management

Enwonwu, C. O., Falker, W. M., Jr., & Phillips, R. S. (2006). Noma (Cancrum Oris). 367, 1-11. Retrieved May 29, 2017, from https://www.dental.umaryland.edu/media/sod/microbial-pathogenesis/noma_publication_1.pdf

Noma. (n.d.). Retrieved May 29, 2017, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001342.htm

Reddy BP, Reddy B S, Kiran G, Chembolu N. Cancrum oris: A devastating orofacial gangrene. J NTR Univ Health Sci 2012;1:192-4. Retrieved May 29, 2017, from http://www.jdrntruhs.org/article.asp?issn=2277-8632;year=2012;volume=1;issue=3;spage=192;epage=194;aulast=Reddy

Diagnosis

Physical examinations help to show inflamed areas of the mucous membranes, mouth and skin ulcers

Noma Cancrum Oris

Demographics

Occurs worldwide, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa

  • Asia
  • Latin America

Over 100,000 cases per year, with only 15% of those affected having treatment

Young children are usually the main threat

  • Especially those who are malnourished
  • Already struck by another illness
  • Scarlet fever
  • Tuberculosis
  • Cancer
  • Measles
  • AIDS
  • Weakened immune system

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)69004-1/fulltext?rss=yes

Maryline Islas Tamayo AP 2

http://asylumeclectica.com/malady/archives/noma.htm

Etiology

Exact bacteria for the cause of Noma is unknown, but may be due to spirochetes and fusiform bacillus in symbiosis

http://www.yomedico.org/2014/12/enfermedad-destructiva-del-rostro-noma.html

http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/stomat_hir/classes_stud/en/stomat/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F/ptn/%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F/3/6%20semestr/13.%20Assimillation%20of%20the%20law%20on%20registration%20of%20outpatient%20medical%20card.htm

Signs & Symptoms

  • Gums and lining in the cheeks develop sores (ulcers)
  • Developing bad breath and skin odor
  • Infection then spread to the skin causing the tissues in both the lips and cheeks to die
  • Resulting in the soft tissue and bone being destroyed
  • Inevitably causing deformity in the face and loss of teeth

What is it?

  • Malodorous breath
  • Excessive salivation
  • Severe dehydration
  • Anemia
  • Noma Cancrum Oris can be considered as the face of poverty
  • Type of rapid gangrene stomatitis that ends up destroying mucous membranes of the mouth and other tissues
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Malnourishment in areas that lack sanitation and cleanliness
  • Exposure to infections
  • Can also spread to the genitals
  • Noma Pudendi
  • Perineum, Vulva, Scalp, Neck and Shoulders

Treatment

  • Proper nutrition
  • Antibiotics
  • Plastic surgery
  • Remove damaged tissue and reconstruct facial bones
  • Improve function of the jaw
  • Microvascular free tissue transfer
  • Deltopectoralis major flap
  • Single-stage reconstruction

While the treatment may be successful, the patient is often left with a unesthetic scar

Risk Factors

http://middleeast.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)69933-9/fulltext

  • Severe protein malnutrition
  • Poor sanitation
  • Dirty living conditions
  • Living in a developing country

COMPLICATIONS

  • Speech
  • Mastication
  • Facial disfigurement

Systemic complications

  • Dehydration
  • Broncho pneumonia
  • Death

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS1473-3099(03)00670-4/fulltext

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