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THE SPEECH MECHANISM
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THE SPEECH MECHANISM
It is used for:
-eating
-breathing
-producing of
speech sounds
The lungs: motor/activator
The lungs sets the passages
of air into the movements of
inhalation and exhalation.
They are incapable of any
movement. Because of that,
they need the muscles that
join them to the rib cage
and/or the diaphragm.
The larynx
It contains the first valve
that can interfere with the
passage of the air stream.
Vocal folds
They are 2 bands of muscles lying across the centre of the larynx. When the vocal folds vibrate the sound produced is what we call voice.
The pressure of air below the vocal folds can varied:
-Variation in intensity
-Variation in frecuency
-Variation in quality
If the vocal folds are apart we said the glottis is open. If they are pressed together we said that the glottis is closed.
States of the vocal folds
RESONATORS
A resonator can change the quality of an existing sound.
-The Pharynx can change its shape slightly.
-The nasal cavity is constant in shape and size.
-Oral cavity is extremely variable.
It is made up of organs and cavities.
-Lungs
-Larynx
-Cavities or Resonators
-Pharynx
-Nasal cavity
-Oral cavity
-Articulators
-Palate
-Tongue
-Teeth
-Lips
ARTICULATORS
-These are all situated in or surrouding the oral cavity.
-The articulators are: the tongue, the palate,
the teeth and the lips.
-Depending on their capability of movement,
articulators are called active or pasive.
-The whole tongue moves backwards and forwards,
up and down.
-It interferes with the air-stream causing friction.
-The upper teeth interfere or stop the air-flow with
the help of the tongue or the lower lip.
-The lips can adopt different shapes.
-The palate is a concave structure, separating
the mouth from the nasal cavity.
-The palate is not physically separated into parts
but it is useful to divide it when describing speech
sounds into: alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate.
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