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Kenya Santiful

Alan-Michael Norton

Marvin Castro

The Roman Republic Social Structure was based on heredity, property, wealth, and freedom.

As well as any other ancient society, it was based on men.

Social Structure of The Roman Republic

Role of women

Citizenship

Free born women in ancient Rome were citizens, but could not vote or hold political office. Because of their limited public role, women are named less frequently than men by roman historians. But while Roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations. Exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from the semi-legendary Lucretia and Claudia Quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance; fierce Republican-era women such as Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, and Fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image; women of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, most prominently Livia, who contributed to the formation of Imperial mores; and the empress Helena, a driving force in promoting Christianity. The one major public role reserved solely for women was in the sphere of religion: the priestly office of the Vestals. Freed of any obligation to marry or have children, the Vestals devoted themselves to the study and correct observance of rituals which were deemed necessary for the security and survival of Rome but which could not be performed by the male colleges of priests.

The Roman Republic gave citizenship certain privileges and exemptions from certain taxation to people living outside of Italy. Men who completed a 26 year term in the military were granted citizenship and could pass these rights on to their descents. The government granted citizenship to individuals or entire communities as rewards for good services. In 212 C.E, they granted citizenship to all free, adult male inhabitants. Because of this, the citizenship of the republic copied the government's transformation from Italian dominion into a commonwealth of people. As early as the first century, some of the leading literary figures came from the provinces.

Latifundia

Class Structure

A latifundium was agricultural land that had many slaves and laborers. Upper-Class citizens usually owned latifundia in The Roman Republic. They had enough money to move their slaves or laborers, livestock, and tools. The slaves were associated with the tools and livestock, or movable property. In the later days of this agricultural system, laborers were becoming more of a necessity. This made owning the large mass of land more expensive. Eventually, lower-class farmers with little land replaced the upper-class latifundia owners.

In the social class structure of The Roman Republic were always always on the bottom. The women and plebeians, or common people, followed closely behind. Wealthy citizens came next because they often used their money to gain power. And at the top of this class structure came the rulers of the government. They had a senate with 300 members who controlled it.

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