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British Colonization

in Ghana

British Government

  • Indirect Rule: gave traditional leaders administrative roles while using British governors
  • colonial officials on legislative council with African advisers
  • Tried to keep traditional religions and ways of life in place
  • Limited the influence of educated African professionals
  • Britain built roads and infrastructure
  • Africans often worked for themselves or other Africans
  • farmed cocoa
  • mined gold
  • harvested ivory

“ The natives of the Gold Coast and West Africa have a system of laws and customs which it would be better to guide, modify, and amend, rather than to destroy by ordinances and force. So they have their Chiefs and Court form, their own customs and mode of living which will not be improved by ridicule or forced abolition.” - James Marshall, The Gold Coast Independent December 2 1922 (pg.30)

What were the aims of British indirect rule?

  • Keep traditions/religions alive
  • made Africans think they had control
  • didn't feel imposed upon
  • Used traditional leaders for their will
  • Kept professionals from challenging British rule

African Experiences

“We fear, Sir, that you have no real regard for public opinion… Under the guise of supporting Native Institutions you merely support those chiefs who can lend themselves as tools in carrying out your pet schemes.” - “An Open Letter to his Excellency Brigadier-General F.G. Guggisberg” December 17, 1921 (pg. 31)

"The European merchant is my shepherd, And I am in want, He maketh me lie down in cocoa farms; He leadeth me beside the waters of great need...I walk in the valleys of starvation...My expense runs over my income. Surely unemployment and poverty will follow me...And I will dwell in a rented house for ever!" - "A Psalm 23, by an African Laborer" The African Morning Post, Accra, Ghana, September 2, 1945

Ghanaian Independence

  • Animosity from Asante
  • coastal alliances with British -> voluntary alliance = some independence
  • World War II
  • United Gold Coast Congress (UGCC)
  • Convention People’s Party (CPP)
  • Kwame Nkrumah

http://www.ghc-ca.com/frm-e-location-maps.html

source:http://kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/50/305/32-131-1DE-98-african_activist_archive-a0a9h9-a_14380.jpg

source:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-46-45.jpg

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