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Nomadic Groups of Central Asia
4
Pastoral Societies of Central Asia
Major Impacts on Agricultural Societies!
brought lands together
spread religions
created stronger defenses
built empires
Chinggis Khan and Mongol Rule
Steppe Diplomacy encompasses courage in battle but also betraying those close to you and convincing others to follow you
distrusted kinship, loyalty to ones khan was all important, not their relation to you
mongol military would save you from your fate if you surrendered, but massacre you if you did not
Mongols
Temujin
Steppe Diplomacy
Develops Mongolian Empire
Leaders based on talents and loyalty
Spread outward into Tibet, China, Persia and Europe
strong loyalty to kin groups
Use of animals for survival
superb horsemen
Turks
shamans were specialists with special powers who spoke to the divine to help. This made them susceptible to the more mystical sides of religions (Nestorianism, Manichaeism, Buddhism and Islamic Sufi).
descendants of WOLVES!
From Mongolia and southern Siberia
Prominent in caravans of Central Asia
Shamanic religion
Khans ruled alliances in war
Saljuq Turks
caused them to have trouble uniting under one
Sheep were used for everything, including fuel (women and children collected feces for fuel)
ox a camel, and yak used for transportation koumiss was mares milk fermented
1055 Saljuq Turks controlled Abbasid empire as sultans
By 1453, conquered Anatolia and converted to Muslim country
Mahmud of Ghazni - delicious Deli Sultanate
In General...
Xiongnu Confederation
Highly mobile, minimal farming, living off animals
More social equality, elites and commoners
Women have a higher role
limited population
connected to clan or tribe
Mongolian steppes of China
Established senior clans
Tribute System
Raided China
even Lui Yuan ran the northern Han for a time. Chinese princesses were given to marry Xiongnu to appease. May be ancestors to the Turks
Masai
nobles and commoners
migratory patterns based on seasons
nobility was fluid, you could become a commoner if taken over by force or outshone in war. Also, alliances were made to gain power too.
Eastern Africa (modern Kenya and Tanzania)
Herding, with agricultural roots (sorghum and millet)
Precarious relationship with others
dates and cereal agriculture