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Paper
In A.D 105, paper was invented in China. Before paper, books were made of costly silk. Paper was inexpensive. It was made from a mixture of old rags, mulberry tree bark, and fibers from the hemp plant. Inexpensive paper made books available in a country that valued learning. Paper was important fro a bureaucratic government that keeps many records.
Silk is beautiful and long lasting. It can also be dyed. Because it was rare, it became a very important trade product. Not every country had silk. Silk allowed Chinese to get gold and silver from lands to the West of China. Once, one pound of silk was equal to one pound of gold. Getting gold and silver was very important to China, because it did not have rich deposits of either mineral.
China got many things from the outside world. They received Buddhism, western cultural styles and Central Asian military methods. As an output they gave Chinese art, silks and pottery.
Overland trade routes were called Silk Roads because traders carried silk and other goods on caravan trails.
By 100 B.C, the silk roads were well established. The goods that were leaving China were: silk, paper, and pottery. They exchanged these items from different things like: oil, metals and precious stones. One trade item the Chinese especially valued was Central Asian horses.
The trails stretched westward from China through Central Asia to Mesopotamia and Europe. Because these trails stretched across two continents, they were called trans-Eurasian.
The standards set by the Confucianism remained significant in Chinese government and education. the legacy of Confucianism still remains important in China. Confucianism became influential philosophy in different places like: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
Daoism
Daoism had a lasting influence in China. By the sixth century it was a religion with priests, rituals, and volumes of collected writing. Which means they kept records of the events. Unlike Confucianism, however, Daoism remained primarily a Chinese belief system.
During the time of the Han Dynasty, only the Chinese knew how to make silk. People outside and in of China desired it as a luxury fabric. China's silk was important in trading routes in the West.
Cultural Diffusion
Buddhism started from India. During the first dynasty or the Han dynasty, Buddhist missionaries arrived in China through the silk road. This religion spread to Japan and Korea. Chinese Buddhists modified Buddhism to make it fit better with their own traditions.
Many ideas and cultural customs developed on the silk roads. This influence of ideas and customs is called cultural diffusion.
China was a growing population. The more people, the more needs for food and supplies. Because agriculture was so important in china, most of the really important inventions during this period, Han, came about in agriculture.
There were a lots of different agricultural improvements fro example they made grain available for trade. A better plow and farm tools made life easier and increased the crop population. Or the invention of the collar harness allowed horses to pull heavy loads, the wheel barrows made it easier for farmers to move heavy loads by hand. Watermills used river power to grind grain. In the lands which had mostly farmers these inventions were very valuable.