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PHARM Animals
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ATryn was the first drug to be produced by genetically engineering goats. The drug is still produced by goats. Goats are used more than cattle or mice because they can produce quicker.
A "spider goat"
The process of "pharming" has been applied, recently. Transgenic goats have been genetically modified to produce a spider silk-like substance in their milk. Scientists think they can use this milk to build bullet proof vests and re construct ligaments in the eye and jaw!
PHARM Animals
The Pharming Process
By Elizabeth
Pharming uses genetic engineering by placing a DNA gene for a pharmaceutical into an embryo, thus creating a transgenic animal which will produce the pharmaceutical.
The animal has to be able to produce a lot of the pharmaceuticals AND pass the gene on to its offspring so that there is a continuous source of pharmaceuticals
An embryo is created through in vitro fertilization.
The DNA gene is inserted into the embryo.
The embryo is inserted into a mother and a transgenic animal is born.
This animal produces the pharmaceutical and so will its off spring.
Genetic Engineering
The gene of interest (the gene that will produce the desired pharmaceutical) is located and cut off.
It is attached to a virus or bacterial cell which will carry the gene where it will "infect" the animal and create the action desired.
It is the direct mutation of a genome. DNA strands are inserted into a different organism with the intent that these strands will alter the DNA of the animal which will produce the protein drug.
vector
The gene performs its action and the animal produces the pharmaceutical if the process is a success.
this picture shows
the process
What does Pharming mean?
Why do we do this?
Combination of the words "farming" and "Pharmaceutical."
This word refers to the usage of genetic engineering to create a transgenic animal. This animal's DNA has been altered in such a way that it can produce proteins that help humans.
A few other names for Pharming are, molecular farming and biopharming.
Pharming creates genetically engineered transgenic animals. These animals are created for two reasons.
1. Some animals are given pharmaceutical genes so that they produce proteins that cure human ailments. They can produce these byproducts in their milk, for example.
2. Some of these animals have genes inserted into them, to be used as "disease models". (Disease Models are GMOs that will display symptoms of diseases so treatments can be experimented on them.)