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WORKS CITED:
King Leopold II of Belgium takes the Congo | History Channel on Foxtel. (2017, June 9).
Retrieved from https://www.historychannel.com.au/articles/king-leopold-ii-of-belgium-takes-the-congo/
The Butcher of Congo: King Leopold II of Belgium. - Andre C James - Digital Journal. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://www.digitaljournal.com/blog/11297
The Congo Today. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://drcimperialism.weebly.com/the-congo-today.html
Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 [Video file]. (2015, January 16).
Retrieved from https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=4uArRzwKHvE
Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40 [Video file]. (2012, October 25).
Retrieved from https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=T_sGTspaF4Y&t=617s
Cleary, V. (n.d.). KingLeopold and the Conquest of the Congo.
Retrieved from http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/modernworldhistorytextbook/imperialism/section_6/kingleopold.html
Hochschild, A. (2012). King Leopold's Ghost : A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism: A story of greed, terror
and heroism in colonial Africa. London: Pan.
A History of Resistance in the Congo | African Futures. (2012, December 8).
Retrieved from http://forums.ssrc.org/african-futures/2012/12/08/african-futures-history-of-resistance-in-congo/
CONGO
WHO IS KING LEOPOLD II?
- Ruled Congo for 23 years (1884-1906)
- Colonized Congo with the intent of selling rubber, ivory and copper
- Congo is his "personal possession"
(The Butcher of Congo: King Leopold II of Belgium by Andre C James)
CONGO
How did the Belgium rule Congo?
Indirect or Direct
Motives:
1) National Pride
2) Cheap Labour
3) Raw Materials
4) Expand Territories
5) 3Cs (Christianity, Commerce and Civilization)
“We have attacked and destroyed 28 large towns and three or four score villages” (Hochschild 49).
Henry Morton Stanley
- White officers would hire people from upper Congo to kidnap children
Force Publique
Picture from
http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/modernworldhistorytextbook/imperialism/section_6/kingleopold.html
Picture from: https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/06/29/wwii-weapons-with-force-publique-in-the-belgian-congo/
What King Leopold do to Congolese people and the effects of his reign:
(http://www.digitaljournal.com)
Pictures from http://www.digitaljournal.com/blog/11297
(http://www.digitaljournal.com)
NEW IDENTITY
HOW DID THEY GAIN INDEPENDENCE?
INDEPENDENCE
Joseph Mobutu
King Leopold II
Zaire
Congo Free State
Belgian Congo
The Democratic-Republic of the Congo
The Belgian Government
Laurent-Desire Kabila
Opportunities:
1) Weapons
2) Improved Infrastructure
3) Quinine
Short term and long term effects
LONG TERM EFFECTS
SHORT TERM EFFECTS
- Their silence and obeying orders of the Belgium Government
- Independence
- Poverty
- Civil wars and wars between ethnic groups
- Joseph Kabila (Current president)
- Son of Laurent-Desire Kabila
- Trying to end civil wars by peace treaties to rebel forces
Although the extreme fighting in Congo still continues:
- 4 million deaths
-45,000 deaths per month
Independence of Congo
Picture from https://thepoisonwoodbibleperiod2.weebly.com/congo-independence.html
(Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 by John Green - Video)
- Under Democratic-Republic government
- Elect new president every 7 years
- a major riot in leopoldville where leaders of ABAKO were blamed and jailed for
- ABAKO joined other political parties and demanded for Independence
- ABAKO recruited an army to use violence if thet are not granted Independence
(http://drcimperialism.weebly.com)
Pictures from http://drcimperialism.weebly.com/the-congo-today.html
(http://forums.ssrc.org/)
The Belgio-Congolese Conference
Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Congo
Second Congo War
Joseph Mobutu
First Congo War
Joseph Mobutu
- President of Congo during 1965-1997
(but some call him a dictator)
- Rise and fall of Congo
- 887 dollars to 10 million dollars in debt
- Corruption
Laurent-Desire Kabila
- IMF gave 43 million dollars to rebuild economy
Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko
Paul Kagame
- Part of the AFDL
(Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 by John Green - Video)
- Killed Hutus with the help from AFDL
(Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo)
- Lead the attacks on the Hutus
THE RWANDAN MASSACRE
- Hutus then seek refuge
- Allowing him to gain power and become the leader of Congo
- Conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis
Pictures from http://www.borgenmagazine.com/photos-from-rwandan-genocide/
- Crossing the border of the Hutus
- Killing 800,000 to 1,000,000 people in 3 months
(Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 by John Green - Video)
(Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40 - Video by John Green)
Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kagame