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Trascrizione

WORKS CITED:

King Leopold II of Belgium takes the Congo | History Channel on Foxtel. (2017, June 9).

Retrieved from https://www.historychannel.com.au/articles/king-leopold-ii-of-belgium-takes-the-congo/

The Butcher of Congo: King Leopold II of Belgium. - Andre C James - Digital Journal. (n.d.).

Retrieved from http://www.digitaljournal.com/blog/11297

The Congo Today. (n.d.).

Retrieved from http://drcimperialism.weebly.com/the-congo-today.html

Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 [Video file]. (2015, January 16).

Retrieved from https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=4uArRzwKHvE

Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40 [Video file]. (2012, October 25).

Retrieved from https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=T_sGTspaF4Y&t=617s

Cleary, V. (n.d.). KingLeopold and the Conquest of the Congo.

Retrieved from http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/modernworldhistorytextbook/imperialism/section_6/kingleopold.html

Hochschild, A. (2012). King Leopold's Ghost : A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism: A story of greed, terror

and heroism in colonial Africa. London: Pan.

A History of Resistance in the Congo | African Futures. (2012, December 8).

Retrieved from http://forums.ssrc.org/african-futures/2012/12/08/african-futures-history-of-resistance-in-congo/

Congo

CONGO

WHO IS KING LEOPOLD II?

- Ruled Congo for 23 years (1884-1906)

- Colonized Congo with the intent of selling rubber, ivory and copper

- Congo is his "personal possession"

(The Butcher of Congo: King Leopold II of Belgium by Andre C James)

Motives and Opportunities

Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium

CONGO

How did the Belgium rule Congo?

Indirect or Direct

Motives:

1) National Pride

2) Cheap Labour

3) Raw Materials

4) Expand Territories

5) 3Cs (Christianity, Commerce and Civilization)

“We have attacked and destroyed 28 large towns and three or four score villages” (Hochschild 49).

Henry Morton Stanley

- White officers would hire people from upper Congo to kidnap children

Force Publique

Picture from

http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/modernworldhistorytextbook/imperialism/section_6/kingleopold.html

Picture from: https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/06/29/wwii-weapons-with-force-publique-in-the-belgian-congo/

What King Leopold do to Congolese people and the effects of his reign:

(http://www.digitaljournal.com)

Pictures from http://www.digitaljournal.com/blog/11297

(http://www.digitaljournal.com)

NEW IDENTITY

HOW DID THEY GAIN INDEPENDENCE?

INDEPENDENCE

Joseph Mobutu

King Leopold II

Zaire

Congo Free State

Motives and Opportunities

Belgian Congo

The Democratic-Republic of the Congo

The Belgian Government

Laurent-Desire Kabila

Opportunities:

1) Weapons

2) Improved Infrastructure

3) Quinine

How successful was their resistance?

Short term and long term effects

LONG TERM EFFECTS

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

Where they are now...

- Their silence and obeying orders of the Belgium Government

- Independence

- Poverty

- Civil wars and wars between ethnic groups

ABAKO

- Joseph Kabila (Current president)

- Son of Laurent-Desire Kabila

- Trying to end civil wars by peace treaties to rebel forces

Forms of resistance:

leader: Joseph Kasa-Vubu

found in 1955

Although the extreme fighting in Congo still continues:

- 4 million deaths

-45,000 deaths per month

Independence of Congo

Picture from https://thepoisonwoodbibleperiod2.weebly.com/congo-independence.html

(Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 by John Green - Video)

- Under Democratic-Republic government

- Elect new president every 7 years

- a major riot in leopoldville where leaders of ABAKO were blamed and jailed for

- ABAKO joined other political parties and demanded for Independence

- ABAKO recruited an army to use violence if thet are not granted Independence

(http://drcimperialism.weebly.com)

Pictures from http://drcimperialism.weebly.com/the-congo-today.html

(http://forums.ssrc.org/)

The Belgio-Congolese Conference

Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Congo

LEADERS OF CONGO AND TIMELINE OF MAJOR EVENTS IN CONGO (after independence)

1998-2002

Second Congo War

Joseph Mobutu

First Congo War

Joseph Mobutu

- President of Congo during 1965-1997

(but some call him a dictator)

1997-2000

- Rise and fall of Congo

- 887 dollars to 10 million dollars in debt

- Corruption

Laurent-Desire Kabila

- IMF gave 43 million dollars to rebuild economy

Rwandan Massacre

Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko

Paul Kagame

- Part of the AFDL

(Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 by John Green - Video)

- Killed Hutus with the help from AFDL

(Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo)

- Lead the attacks on the Hutus

THE RWANDAN MASSACRE

- Hutus then seek refuge

- Allowing him to gain power and become the leader of Congo

- Conflict between the Hutus and the Tutsis

Pictures from http://www.borgenmagazine.com/photos-from-rwandan-genocide/

- Crossing the border of the Hutus

- Killing 800,000 to 1,000,000 people in 3 months

(Congo and Africa's World War: Crash Course World History 221 by John Green - Video)

(Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40 - Video by John Green)

Picture from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kagame

Imperialism: Congo

Sayema and Bunga 8B

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