Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
Education
-1st university in Rwanda, the National University of Rwanda , was opened by the government in 1963, with 49 students. By 1999-2000 this had risen to 4,550. Today this stands at 26,796, 39% of them female.
-Based on the 2010 Human Development Index (HDI) report, Rwanda is ranked at 152 out of a total of 169 countries under the ‘Low Human Development’ category.[5]
-Literacy rate, defined as those aged 15 or over who can read and write, was 71% in 2009, up from 38% in 1978 and 58% in 1991.
-Those who continue into secondary schooling stands at a low 31%
-Music, dancing, drumming, singing, etc. are all extremely valued in the Hutu culture
-Wide variety of songs for different situations (hunting songs, lullabies, livestock praise)
-Popular types of literature- Myths, legends, & praise poetry
-Historically an Agrarian based group, compared the Tutsi who raised cattle
-Long rainy season allows the Hutu to focus on artistic expression out of boredom
-Itore: elite Hutu dancers, perform during celebratory holidays. Ex:Sorghum harvesting festival
Religion
-German and Belgian colonists are responsible for the Christian influence, and for fueling conflict between the Hutu and Tutsis
-Introduced a race card in 1931
-Tutsis were treated as the superior race due to supposed "genetic superiority"
-Churches (via corrupt Hutu leaders) encouraged the Genocide by giving moral justification to violence
-The most commonly followed religion in modern Hutu culture is a mix of Christianity & traditional Hutu beliefs
-Imaana: human-like Hutu god
-Abazima: spirits of ancestors, contacted through fortune tellers
Epistemological Views
Ontological Beliefs
When thinking on an ontological level, the Hutu tend to use a mental and spiritual approach. They utilize experience, emotions, and perceptions to understand the world. Belief in a higher power, whether it be Christianity or any of the ancient Hutu gods, plays a large role when it comes to making decisions within society.
The Hutu people are an indigenous group that look at life in an empirical way. The guidance and experience of elders is highly respected by youth, who are trying to figure out their roles in the society. The most effective way for them to learn is through the use of trial and error and expertism. The wedding rituals, farming, and gathering skills are all examples of how expertism and empiricism were used to teach the youth. Children often shadow their parents in everyday work until they are proficient enough to do it themselves.
The name "hutu" is a tribe or a civilization of people that live in Rwanda and Burundi. They have very much in common with the two other tribes in the same geographic location; the Tutsi and the Twa people. They speak the same language called Bantu. These tribes were heavily affected by European colonization.
Hutu- pronounced Hoo-too
Location- Burundi, Rwanda
Population ~ 10 million
Language- Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, French, and Swahili
Religion - Christianity and other Traditional beliefs
-Marriage: bride's family receives payment from groom ( Livestock, food, beer, services).
-In the past, families pre-determined all marriages, more choice is allowed today
-Child-bearing
-A naming ceremony is held for the child after a weeks time, the community is extremely participatory.
-Death
-Agrarian/farming lifestyle
-Women: Take care of the home, plant, hoe, & weed crops,
-Men: Look after livestock, clear fields for crop planting
-Children shadow their parents so they can one day take over for them (expertism)
-Many Hutu people meet in social areas such as church or dances, some western-style dating is common among wealthier Hutu
- Clothing worn today is extremely westernized
-Traditional Hutu attire: skirts of cloth fashioned from tree bark, animal-hide cloaks
-Hand-made jewelery and necklaces have been a staple of Hutu fashion
-Christianity mixed with traditional ideology is the most popular religious view among the Hutu
1916- Belgian and German missionaries bring Christianity to Rwanda, Burundi
-Freedom of religion is allowed today
-Islam, Bahai, Roman Catholicism, & Quakerism also have a presence in the region
-Ancient customs still followed
-EX: Visiting fortune tellers/mystics, offerings to ancestral spirits (abazima)
-Believed in the god Imaana, who had many human-like qualities. Worshiped as a secondary deity to Jesus Christ
Ethics
-From an ethical standpoint, the Hutu do not have a good history with the Tutsi people. Although the Hutu were not treated well by the Tutsi historically, nothing can justify the 1994 genocide. To avoid similar issues in the future, the Hutu must learn to avoid influence from government and religious propaganda and refrain from using violence as a means to achieve equality
War and Instability
History and Oppression
Colonization began in 1894 when Germany took over. Then again in 1918 when Belgian overtook control of Rwanda. 1933 marked the start of turmoil for Rwanda as a country when the Belgian gov. forced the people of Rwanda to have an ID card. This started the separation between the once peaceful tribes. Once the tribes were separated the differences in looks, ideals, and customs sparked hatred between the now seen upper class Tutsi people and lower class Hutu people. After years of this tension and the Hutu President Juvenal Habyarimana is murdered the Rwandan genocide began on April 6th 1994.
Currently 10 people have been killed in 4 days. President Pierre Nkurunziza has announced that he will run for reelection again causing riots in Burundi. Since he was appointed by parliament for his first term he is seeking reelection even though it goes against the constitution. The Hutus have been in control for 10 years and the Tutsis are now seeking to be heard. The last time an unfavorable incident occurred where BBC reported on the 1994 Genocide the government suspended them from broadcasting. This time messaging and social media (Facebook and Twitter) has been suspended. Many fear for another civil war like the 1994 genocide. The Hutu and Tutsi people in Rwanda have abolished the identity card and are now focused on becoming a nation of Rwandan people.