- tumbled into drums to remove bark
- sent to grinders
- The chips are fed into the digester,
- sent through filters (may be bleached/ colored)
PAPER PRODUCTION FLOW CHART
NATURAL RESOURCES
RAW MATERIALS
LABOUR
LABOUR
- Initial gathering/acquiring
- Pounding and squeezing process called beating(various filler materials can be added)
- Sizings are added at this point
- Dried paper is wound onto large reels,
- Paper is smoothed and compacted further by passing through metal rollers called calendars.(A particular finish can be imparted by the calendar.)
- May also receive a coating, which is either brushed on or rolled on
- The pulp is fed or pumped into giant, automated machines.(most popular: Fourdrinier machine)
- Inside the machine:squeezed through a series of rollers, pressed between rollers of wool felt, passes over a series of steam-heated cylinders
CAPITAL
- drums, grinders, digester, beating, automated machines, rollers, steam-heated cylinders, reels, calendars
- industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery,
- workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another.
INFORMATION
COMPETITION FROM OTHER MANUFACTURERS
- North America has historically been the top producer and consumer of paper and paperboard globally
- Variety of paper types, designs, and uses.
- Automated faster production, no human work
- Canada supplies 254660 fiber supplies (000 short tons)
- America supplies 707396 (000 Short tonnes)
- production is dominated by the Southern U.S.
- Competition from: Africa, Asia and pacific, Western and Central Asia, Europe, Latin America, Caribbean
MANAGEMENT
- More recently growth has slowed to approximately 2.8 percent annually
- about 400 million tonnes produced in 2008 in total
- North America has historically been the top producer and consumer of paper and paperboard globally,