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BLEACHES/DYES

  • tumbled into drums to remove bark
  • sent to grinders
  • The chips are fed into the digester,
  • sent through filters (may be bleached/ colored)

PAPER PRODUCTION FLOW CHART

NATURAL RESOURCES

FLAX

BAMBOO

CONIFEROUS TREES

DECIDUOUS TREES

SUGARCANE

ROCKS/MINERALS

HEMP

RAW MATERIALS

ROSIN

COTTON/LINEN RAGS

CHALK

CLAY

WOOD FIBRE/PULP

LABOUR

LABOUR

RESOURCES

PULP TO PAPER

FINISHING

BEATING

MAKING PULP

  • Initial gathering/acquiring
  • Pounding and squeezing process called beating(various filler materials can be added)
  • Sizings are added at this point

  • Dried paper is wound onto large reels,
  • Paper is smoothed and compacted further by passing through metal rollers called calendars.(A particular finish can be imparted by the calendar.)
  • May also receive a coating, which is either brushed on or rolled on

  • The pulp is fed or pumped into giant, automated machines.(most popular: Fourdrinier machine)
  • Inside the machine:squeezed through a series of rollers, pressed between rollers of wool felt, passes over a series of steam-heated cylinders

CAPITAL

MACHINES

PRODUCTION FACTORY

  • drums, grinders, digester, beating, automated machines, rollers, steam-heated cylinders, reels, calendars
  • industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery,
  • workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another.

INFORMATION

GETTING RESOURCES

COMPETITION FROM OTHER MANUFACTURERS

INCREASING PRODUCT

WHAT CUSTOMERS WANT

  • North America has historically been the top producer and consumer of paper and paperboard globally
  • Variety of paper types, designs, and uses.
  • Automated faster production, no human work
  • Canada supplies 254660 fiber supplies (000 short tons)
  • America supplies 707396 (000 Short tonnes)
  • production is dominated by the Southern U.S.

  • Competition from: Africa, Asia and pacific, Western and Central Asia, Europe, Latin America, Caribbean

MANAGEMENT

SUPPLY AND DEMAND

  • More recently growth has slowed to approximately 2.8 percent annually
  • about 400 million tonnes produced in 2008 in total
  • North America has historically been the top producer and consumer of paper and paperboard globally,
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