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The landscape contained forest, mountains and long fjords. The climate was hot and humid.
Robert Karlsson Lidberg
Tove Klingberg
Linda Lilja
Sarah Karlsson Månsson
One area
One culture
The culture of the "fishing" people
Northwest native Americans
North America
It was to north America the first native Americans arrived.
The Northwest people came from Beringssund when the ice melted from the north part of Canada, probably 10 000 years before Christ.
The northwest tribe had good conditions for fishing and that is the foundation of the culture.
Fishing gave the tribe food all around the year and they never had to starve.
Fishing characterizes this culture area.
Today fishing is a major source for living in this area. .
10 culture areas
It is because of Americans nature and climate there is many different native American cultures.
Winter village were their main point. In their winter village they had all their spiritual things (totem).
The summer village among the coasts were temporary
They lived in two different areas with summer village and winter village
They lived in beam house were several family’s lived together and they were all related.
They lived along the coasts because of the fishing and up in the mountains because of protections from the forest.
Symbols
Totems
Canoes
The native Americans grooved stocks of red cedars. The natives Americans in this area on west coast were famous for their sculpture and their creativity to build canoes.
Totems arose in this area.
The totem is a typical symbol for native Americans today. Every tribe had their own totem with their symbols’ and these represents animals, weapons, and legendary ancestor. Totems was also used as memorypoles of chiefs’ wish had passed away.
Still today they build their own beautiful totems and canoes.
There were many red cedars in this area and they used it to, for instance, canoes and totems.
The people in this area created a society based on strict ranking, social rolls, social class, and material assets and all this were inherited. It is not common that native Americans had such social structure which makes the northwest coasts native Americans unique.
They had a chief who took the major decisions.
Women and men had different tasks it was the men who did they fishing and the women collected vegetables but they were considered as equal.
There was no connection between different villages and they only communed with their family relatives.
Before Columbus came the native Americans had a spiritual and a ritual system. The tribe believed that the spirits of ancestors lived in the ground among them.
After Columbus and the Europeans arrived the Christianity belief grew.
Today the native Americans are Christian.
The native Americans have survived despite centuries of persecutions. The conquerors hunger for power and wealth destroyed a major part of the natives’ population and the populations which survived fights even today to bring back their self-esteem.
Native Americans had Potlach ceremony.
The ceremony arranged when for example someone married, birth and so on.
They also had other ceremony's, for instance, before the fishing seasons begins.
Because of the rich access of fish and vegetable could the small area along the coast contain high social religions and aesthetic culture.
This area was very densely populated.
The British wanted fur and native Americans wanted iron subject such as knife and other tools in exchange.
Others countries such as Russia and Spain who also wanted a part of this.
The Russians arrived and made a deal with the native Americans which was instead of war the traded goods. But the Russians did not keep their promises and a war started.
After a while the Russians gave up the land to the British who came back.
The first contacts with Europeans was in the 18 century when the British people arrived to the northwest coast. It was Europeans who named the native American to Indians.
Indian Act
1876
1951
In the 19 century the native Americans got help from the Canadian parliaments. The parliament recognized the government responsibility to provide the Indians with healthcare, welfare and education, and the native Americans got control over land again.