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Newman's Error Analysis
And one more thing...
Newman's Error Analysis can be used as a framework across all KLAs.
Conclusion
The Mathematics faculty have incorporated Newman's Error Analysis into the Year 7, 8 and 9 program to improve numeracy results.
Why Newman's Error Analysis?
It is well recognised that students appear to struggle with both the literacy and mathematical demands of typical mathematical problems.
While the language demands of the mathematics curriculum are important and need to be developed, they also contribute to the difficulties experienced by students struggling with mathematics.
Definition
Five specific reading skills are defined by Newman as crucial to performance on mathematical word problems: reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills and encoding.
Newman's Error Analysis
Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) assists teachers to determine where misunderstandings occur and directions for where teachers could target effective teaching strategies to overcome them.
Example
A person wishing to obtain a correct solution to a one-step word problem such as, "The marked price of a book was $20. However, at a sale, 20% discount was given. How much discount was this?", must follow according to the following hierarchy.
- Read the problem
- Comprehend what is read
- Carry out a mental transformation from the words to a selection of appropriate mathematical strategy
- Apply the process skills demanded by the selected strategy
- Encode the answer is an acceptable written form.
Results
Data has revealed a statistical and educationally significant improvement existing in student learning outcomes.
Newman's Error Analysis is being used by teachers as a remedial classroom strategy and as a wider classroom pedagogical strategy.
Why Hierarchy??
Data showed that failure at any level prevents problem solvers from obtaining satisfactory solutions.
Problem solvers often return to the lower stages of the process when attempting to solve more difficult problems.
Even if some of the steps are revisited during the problem-solving process, the heirarchy provides a framework for the sequencing.