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Transcript

The United Kingdom...

...and France...

  • ...were scared that the canal might be closed off to shipments of petroleum flowing from the Persian Gulf to Western Europe.
  • Diplomatic efforts did not work – Britain and France decided to secretly plan military action against Egypt to regain control of the Canal and take Nasser out of his presidency.
  • Britain and France recruited...

...Israel...

...because Israel was angry towards Egypt after Nassar blocked off the Straits of Tiran and there were numerous raids by Egyptian-supported commandos into Israel during 1955–56.

These were the major motivations for all participating countries.

Furthermore, Israel was granted access to the Strait of Tiran, and Egypt retained control of the Suez Canal

Suez Canal Crisis: 1956

So Basically... (TL;DR)

3. Land Exchange

2. Big Ideas

  • Egypt wanted funding for Aswan High Dam
  • America and Britain did not want to fund Dam because of Egypt’s ties to communist Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union
  • Britain and France wanted control of Canal for shipments of petroleum to Western Europe
  • Israel wanted access to Straits of Tiran and action against Egypt for Egypt-supported raids into Israel

1. Causes

4. Key

Personalities

• Britain – two new bombers that hadn’t been tested yet

  • Charles Keightley – British General, believed air force would be enough to win
  • Hugh Stockwell – Keightley’s deputy, vouched for more systematic approach centered around tanks
  • France
  • Guy Mollet – regarded Israel as beacon of hope in the area, wanted to crush Egyptian forces

• America and Egypt had promised to fund Egypt’s construction of the Aswan High Dam, but did not fulfill because of Egypt’s growing ties with communist Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union

• Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, declared martial law in the canal zone and seized control of the Suez Canal Company - believed that the tolls collected from ships passing through the canal would pay for the Aswan High Dam’s construction in five years’ time.

• The Suez Canal (Egypt) was owned by the Suez Canal Company, controlled by the British and French

  • Israel
  • Moshe Dayan - his strategy was to use massive military reprisals in order to provoke Egypt into a war that he believed it was not ready for, not pre-emptive strikes

• Suez Canal’s importance - one of the world’s most heavily used shipping lanes, used by B and F to ship petroleum from Persian Gulf

• Aswan High Dam’s importance – controls the annual Nile flood into Egypt, irrigation, generate electricity

• Straits of Tiran’s importance – Israeli shipping, basic freedom of navigation

As a result of the Crisis, Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula from the end of the crisis in November 1956 until March 1957

• Egypt

  • Gamal Abder Nasser – nationalized the Canal in July 1956; prompted the entire crisis

Resources mined from...

  • http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/108305
  • http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/10017
  • http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/MFADocuments/Yearbook1/Pages/12%20Statements%20by%20Representatives%20of%20the%20Maritime%20P.aspx
  • http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/70161
  • http://www.history.com/topics/suez-crisis
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5195582.stm
  • http://www.answers.com/topic/suez-crisis
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